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Earth In Action Flashcards

1
Q

By 2100 what is the temp inc range?

A

0.3-4.8

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2
Q

By 2100 range of sea level rise?

A

26-82cm

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3
Q

Open system

A

Flows of energy and matter in and out

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4
Q

Closed system

A

Flow of energy in and out

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5
Q

Earth systems energy sources

A 
Main: Sun
Reflection from moon
Extraterrestrial material
Gravity
Radioactivity
Chemical sources
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6
Q

Features of pos feedback

A

Virtuous/vicious

Reinforcement

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7
Q

Features of neg feedback

A

Self regulating

Dampening down of original signal

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8
Q

When was b2 started

A

Sept 91

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9
Q

How many in b2

A

8

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10
Q

B2 what went wrong

A

O decline microbes in soil

Not used by plants as reacted w calcium hydro in concrete

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11
Q

Co2 and calcium hydro=

A

Calcium carbonate and water

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12
Q

How much more calcium carbonate inside b2

A

10x

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13
Q

B2 how many small invertibrates died

A

19/25

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14
Q

How many insects died out b2

A

Almost all

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15
Q

Issue with b2 insects dying

A

Pollinating insects died

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16
Q

What species thrived in b2

A

Crazy ants
Cockroaches
Katydids
Vines (MG)

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17
Q

After how long was o pumped into b2

A

18 months

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18
Q

Other issues b2

A

Water too many nutrients

Do nitrate oxide=b12

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19
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

E not created or destroyed

Transferred

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20
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics

A

E trans won’t occur unless degradation

Pe to ke

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21
Q

Autotrophs

A

Primary producer

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22
Q

Heterotroph

A

Consumers

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23
Q

Why can e loss be in small food chains

A

20-90%

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24
Q

Average solar energy received at atmosphere top

A

2.63x10^6

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25
Q

Planetary albedo %

A

36

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26
Q

% of solar radiation absorbed and re radiated

A

64

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27
Q

Distance earth to sun

A

150m km

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28
Q

Time for solar radiation

A

8.3 mins

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29
Q

Diurnal variation

A

Dawn is low angle, larger spread

Midday is max vert intensity smaller area

30
Q

What causes seasonal variation in insole toon

A

Changing axial tilt

Eccentricity of orbit

31
Q

Define eccentricity

A

How circular the earths orbit path is (0.0167)

32
Q

Variation in seasonal insulation

33
Q 
Albedo of:
Trop rain forest
Woodland
Farm crop
Grassland
A

13
16-18
15-26
25

34
Q

Effect of high albedo on photo

A

Decreases light avaloability

35
Q

3 major biochemical pathways for photosynthesis

36
Q

C3 plants during day

A

Co2 in
Water out
Thru stomata

37
Q

Role of rubisco

A

Fix c to rubp

38
Q

Why is c3 photo inefficient

A

Co2 conf in chloro low

Signif portion of co2 released in photoresp

39
Q

Typical c3 plant

A

Scots pine pinus sylvesteis

40
Q

What plants use c3

A

Almost all trees
Most shrubs
Most cool climate herbs
Most cultivated plants

41
Q

C3 plants adapted to

A

High co2
Low temp
Low moisture stress

42
Q

When did c4 plants first come abundant

A

7m years ago

Miocene

43
Q

Why did c4 plants evolve

A

Falling global co2 level

Increased aridity

44
Q

C4 photo

A

Co2 in
Fixed in mesophyll cells to 4C
Transported to chloro in centre of leaf within vascular bundles
Completed by rubisco

45
Q

How does c4 explain low light conc

A

Decarboxylation of 4c creates higher co2 in photosynthetic cells

46
Q

What does pre conc mechanism eliminate in c4

47
Q

C3 or c4 more efficient w co2?

A

C3

As larger co2 enrichment

48
Q

C4 plants lose less?

A

Water thru stomata

49
Q

Typical c4 plant

50
Q

Which plants use c4

A

Most Savanna grasses and sedges

Some warm climate shrubs n herbs

51
Q

Open oceans are biological deserts bc?

A 
Low:
Nitrate
Phosphate
Iron 
Silicate
52
Q

Marine product is High where?

A

Estuaries n adjacent to coasts (river run off)

Coastal and equatorial upwelling zones (vertical circ)

53
Q

Examples of coast w high marine prod

A

Peruvian and Californian

54
Q

Coastal upwelling in California why productive

A

Wind blows south
Coriolis deflection= water moves at R angles to wind (away from coast)
Replaced by upwelling (butrients)
High productivity

55
Q

Why is there large variable in primary prod globally

A

Photosynthesis limited

Low nutrient, moisture or thermal stress in desert and open ocean

56
Q

Most productive primary prod

A 
Coral reef
Kelp beds
Freshwater swamps
Trip rain for 
(Can exceed agriculture)
57
Q

Ecosystem

A

Open system of plants, animals and their env

58
Q

Biomes

A

Major ecological comm ext. over large areas where Dom plants have similar physiognomy

Strongly related to regional climate

59
Q

Law of minimum

A

Productivity of ecosystem contr by/ prop to growth factor w is in shortest supply
Smallest supply is limiting factor

60
Q

Plant pattern depends on

A

Plants range of tolerance of env grad

Intraspecific comp

61
Q

Ecological niche determine by

A

Funct role

Position along env grad

62
Q

Worldwide veg distr mostly controlled by

A

Climatic factors

63
Q

Macro climates controlled by

A

Latitude
Continental pos
Elevation

64
Q

Factors effecting macro climates represented by

A 
Changes in:
Thermal
Moisture
Orographic
(Limits for all)
65
Q

Isotherm

A

Line w connect points of equal temp on weather maps

66
Q

10 degree isotherm is

A

Limit of tree growth

Temperate

67
Q

18 degree isotherm

A

Boundary of tropics

Winterless

68
Q

What determines what type of plants can grow/ survive

A

Temp

Precip

69
Q

Climatic dia: Precip curve below temp curve

A

Month is dry

70
Q

Glacial refugia

A

Where trees survived during ice ages

Geg101 (2 decks)

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