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Science > Earth Forms > Flashcards

Earth Forms Flashcards

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1
Q
  • Floor of Atlantic ocean (Iceland - Antarctica)

- Divergent

A

Mid-Atlantic Belt

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2
Q
  • Mediterranean, Himalayas

- Convergent

A

Mid-Continental Belt

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3
Q
  • Covers pacific ring of fire
  • 75% of world’s volcanoes
  • Transform and Convergent
A

Pacific ring of fire

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4
Q

-Region where high levels of volcanic activity occurs

A

Volcanic Belts

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5
Q

Region with great mountain ranges

  • Are located along plate boundaries where collision of plates occur
  • Concentrated in Circum-Pacific belt
A

Mountain Ranges

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6
Q
  • Global distribution of ____ occurence
  • Commonly along plate boundaries
  • Pacific ring of fire 70%
  • Mid-Continental belt 20%
  • Mid-Atlantic Ridge 10%
A

Earthquake belt

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7
Q

Where do plates interact that produce geographical features and activities on Earth

A

plate boundaries

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8
Q

_____ crust is less dense than _____ crust

A

Continental ; Oceanic

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9
Q
  • Floats higher on the mantle

- 15 to 20 moving tectonic plates

A

Continental crust

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10
Q

Plates move ____with respect to each other

A

slowly

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11
Q
  • 2 plates MOVING APART causing them to separate
  • Effect: new crust if formed
  • Result: Mid-oceanic ridge and rift valleys
A

Divergent

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12
Q
  • Plates move TOWARDS each other

- Effect: Subduction, folding

A

Convergent

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13
Q
  • Convergent

- Results: Volcanoes along subduction zones, Mountain ranges (Andes)

A

Oceanic: Continental Plates

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14
Q
  • Convergent

- Results: Island arcs (Japan) and Ocean Trenches (Mariana Trench)

A

Oceanic: Oceanic Plates

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15
Q
  • Convergent

- Results: Large mountain chains (Himalayas and Alps)

A

Continental: Continental Plates

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16
Q
  • 2 plates slide horizontally past each other, in opposite directions
  • Results: Strike-slip faults (San Andreas) and Earthquakes
A

Transform Plate Boundary

17
Q

-Geological activities that do not happen along plate boundaries but within tectonic plates

A

Intraplate Activity

18
Q

-Small rising column of hot plastic mantle rock

A

Mantle plume

19
Q

-A spot of high pressure and hot molten magma underneath that gives rise to volcanoes

A

Hot spot

20
Q

Internal Structure of Earth

A

Outer: liquid
Inner: Solid
Composition: Fe and Ni

21
Q
  • Composition mostly silicates (Si and O)

- Convection current is present

A

Mantle

22
Q
  • Composition: rocks and minerals
  • Continental: low density
  • Oceanic: high density
A

Crust

23
Q
  • Solid: rigid, and elastic layer (upper mantle and crust)
  • Carry both continental and oceanic crust
  • Floats on Asthenosphere and slides horizontally over it or bends slightly
  • Moves at slow rate
  • Internal structure of earth
A

Lithosphere

24
Q
  • Highly viscous, high pressure and high temperature

- Internal structure of earth

A

Asthenosphere

25
Q
  • Lithosphere = crust + upper mantle
  • Floats on top of asthenosphere
  • Types: continental and oceanic
A

Continental drift theory

26
Q
  • Said that continents were once one large landmass
  • Broke into 2 smaller supercontinents, then into continents
  • Evidence: continental jigsaw puzzle
A

Alfred Wegener ; Continental Drift theory

27
Q
  • Hot, less dense material from below the earth’s crust rises
  • Creates a crack in the crust
  • Magma flows out of the crack, cools down and becomes the new seafloor
A

Harry Hess ; Seafloor Spreading Theory

28
Q
  • 7 major plates
  • Plates move at a rate of 1-16 cm/year
  • Movement: convergent, divergent and transform
  • Mechanism: convection current
A

Plate Tectonics theory

29
Q
  • Hot magma flows out of the mantle and cools down to form the new ocean curst (divergent)
  • Plate Tectonic theory
A

UP

30
Q
  • The downward movement of the convection current pulls the tectonic plate downward (convergent; subduction)
  • Plate Tectonic theory
A

DOWN

31
Q

Evidence Supporting plate movements

A

Continental fit,
Similarities between rock layers and mountain ranges,
Fossils on rocks of the same age and widely distributed, Glacial Evidence,
Coral reefs and
seafloor magnetic stripes

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