Earth Chemistry: Energy and Changes in Matter Flashcards
Matter can be changed __________ or __________
Physically
Chemically
Four examples of physical change would be _______, _______, _______, or _________.
Bending
Cutting
Melting
Polishing
A chemical change is:
When matter changes into a different type of matter.
_____ ______ is a type of physical change
Phase
Change
_____, ______, ___ are forms of a substance called phase changes.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
At temperatures and pressures on the earth, nearly all matter exists in either the _____, ______, or ___
Solid
Liquid
Gas
The particles in a solid _______ but are held in _____ _________.
Vibrate
Fixed
Position
A solid has a definite _____ and ______
Shape
Volume
The particles in a liquid:
Touch each other, but are free to move around
Liquids have a definite ______ but not a definite _____
Volume
Shape
Liquids take the shape of their __________.
Containers
The particles in a gas:
Move rapidly, staying far apart
Gas will
Fill whatever space is available
A gas has neither a definite _____ nor a definite _____.
Shape
Volume
______ is made under extreme temperatures
Plasma
Plasma is made of ____ _________ and _______ ____.
Free
Electrons
Charged
Ions
Two things made from plasma that we observe are ________ and the _____.
Lighting
Stars
For a substance to change from one phase to another, the ________________________________________.
Movement of its particles must change
To initiate this change, ___ or remove energy by changing the __________ or the ________.
Add
Temperature
Pressure
The temperature of a substance is really a _________________________________________.
Measure of its particles’ energy of movement, or kinetic energy
Pressure changes can also cause a phase change because pressure exerts _______________________.
A force on particles
Adding energy can change a solid to a _______ to a ___.
Liquid
Gas
Removing energy can change a gas to a _______ to a _____.
Liquid
Solid
A chemical reaction is another name for a _________
______.
Chemical
Change
Chemical reactions occur constantly in ___________________,
_____________________,
__________________, and ____________________.
Earth’s atmosphere
The ocean
Rocks and soil
Our body
_________: On the left side of a chemical equation are starting materials.
Reactants
_________: The arrow means produces. It shows the direction of the change.
Yield Sign
_________: New substances formed in a chemical reaction.
Products
During a chemical reaction, energy can be released in the form of ____ or _____.
Heat
Light
____ is the visible effect of the process of combustion -
a special type of chemical reaction. It occurs between oxygen in the air and some sort of fuel. The products from the chemical reaction are completely different from the starting material.
Fire
_____________ are made of 60 carbon atoms linked together to form a structure shaped like a hollow soccer ball.
Buckyballs
Buckyballs can be used as _______________.
Superconductors
Superconductors let electricity flow with ______ __________.
Little
Resistance
