Earth and Space MTA Flashcards

1
Q

What is molten rock inside a volcano called?

A

Magma

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2
Q

What is molten rock outside a volcano called?

A

Lava

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3
Q

Name the group of rocks formed by sediments falling to the bottom of the sea.

A

Sedimentary rocks

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4
Q

Name the group of rocks formed by volcanic activity.

A

Igneous rocks

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5
Q

Name the group of rocks made under specific condition of heat and pressure.

A

Metamorphic rocks

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6
Q

Give an example of a sedimentary rock

A

Examples include: limestone and sandstone

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7
Q

Give an example of a metamorphic rock

A

Examples include: marble and slate

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8
Q

Give an example of an igneous rock

A

Examples include: Granite and obsidian

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9
Q

What type of weathering is caused by animals and plants?

A

Biological weathering

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10
Q

Freeze-thaw is an example of what type of weathering?

A

Physical weathering

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11
Q

Acid rain is an example of what type of weathering?

A

Chemical weathering

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12
Q

Name the three types of weathering

A

Biological
Chemical
Physical

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13
Q

Write the following stages of sedimentary rock formation in order:

cementation, sedimentation, compaction, transportation, deposition

A

1) transportation
2) deposition
3) sedimentation
4) compaction
5) cementation

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14
Q

Name part A

A

Crust

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15
Q

Name part B

A

Mantle

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16
Q

Name part C

A

Outer core

17
Q

Name part D

A

Inner core

18
Q

How are igneous rocks with small crystals made?

A
  • Outside the volcano
  • When the lava cools quickly
19
Q

How are igneous rocks with large crystals made?

A
  • Inside the volcano
  • When magma calls slowly
20
Q

What are igneous rocks made inside the volcano called?

A

Intrusive igneous rocks

21
Q

What are igneous rocks made outside the volcano called?

A

Extrusive igneous rocks

22
Q

What two conditions are needed to make metamorphic rocks?

A

Heat and pressure

23
Q

What gas makes up approx 80% of the Earth’s atmosphere?

24
Q

What gas makes up approx 21% of the Earth’s atmosphere?

25
What gas makes up approx 0.04% of the Earth's atmosphere?
Carbon dioxide
26
What are the main two gases that contribute to global warming?
Carbon dioxide and methane
27
Name the process in the carbon cycle in which plants take in carbon dioxide
Photosynthesis
28
Name the process in the carbon cycle in which plants and animals release carbon dioxide
Respiration
29
What is the scientific word for burning?
Combustion
30
Name _two_ processes in the carbon cycle that _release_ carbon dioxide
Respiration Combustion of wood / fossil fuels
31
Name _two_ processes in the carbon cycle that _take in_ carbon dioxide
Dissolved in oceans Photosynthesis
32
What state is the inner core? Solid, liquid or gas?
Solid
33
Give two _causes_ of climate change
Burning fossil fuels Deforestation
34
Give two _consequences_ of climate change
Any two from: More droughts More floods Rising sea levels More frequent extreme weather events etc.
35
Give _two_ advantages of recycling
Any two from: * Less resources used * Less energy used * Less waste sent to landfill
36
What ‘type’ of data is written as words?
Categoric data