Bioenergetics MTA

Question 1

What are organisms that make their own food called?

Answer 1

Producers

Question 2

What are organisms that eat other organisms called?

Answer 2

Consumers

Question 3

Give two examples of producers

Answer 3

Plants
Algae

Question 4

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 4

carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

Question 5

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Answer 5

glucose and oxygen

Question 6

What are the reactants in photosynthesis?

Answer 6

carbon dioxide and water

Question 7

Where does the energy for photosynthesis come from?

Answer 7

sunlight

Question 8

Name the green pigment in the leaves that absorbs sunlight

Answer 8

chlorophyll

Question 9

In what part of the plant cell does photosynthesis take place?

Answer 9

Chloroplasts

Question 10

How does the water for photosynthesis get into the plant?

Answer 10

Through the roots

Then travels up the xylem

Question 11

How do gases get in and out of a plant?

Answer 11

Through tiny holes in the undersides of the leaves (called stomata)

Question 12

Name the tube in the plant that carries water

Answer 12

xylem

Question 13

Name the tube in the plant that carries glucose

Answer 13

phloem

Question 14

Why are leaves thin?

Answer 14

So gases can diffuse in and out easily

Question 15

Why do leaves have a large surface area?

Answer 15

To absorb as much sunlight as possible

Question 16

Where are most chloroplasts found in the leaf?

Answer 16

In the top of the leaf

Question 17

Why do leaves have a waxy top coating?

Answer 17

To reduce water loss

Question 18

What are the holes in the bottom of the leaf called?

Answer 18

Stomata

Question 19

What is the function of the stomata?

Answer 19

Allow gases to diffuse in and out

Question 20

Name the cells that open and close the stomata

Answer 20

guard cells

Question 21

Name the tissue inside the leaf where most of the photosynthesis occurs

Answer 21

palisade tissue

Question 22

Name the tissue layer inside the leaf with lots of space for gases to diffuse

Answer 22

spongy mesophyll tissue

Question 23

What do plants need nitrates for?

Answer 23

healthy growth

Question 24

What do plants need phosphates for?

Answer 24

healthy roots

Question 25

What do plants need potassium for?

Answer 25

healthy leaves and flowers

Question 26

What do plants need magnesium for?

Answer 26

making chlorophyll

Question 27

Where do plants get minerals from?

Answer 27

The soil

Question 28

What is it called when a plant doesn't get enough minerals?

Answer 28

Mineral deficiency

Question 29

What are the signs a plant has a nitrate deficiency?

Answer 29

1. poor growth 2. older leaves yellowed

Question 30

What are the signs a plant has a magnesium deficiency?

Answer 30

leaves turn yellow

Question 31

What are the signs a plant has a phosphorous deficiency?

Answer 31

1. poor root growth 2. young leaves look purple

Question 32

What are the signs a plant has a potassium deficiency?

Answer 32

yellow leaves with dead patches

Question 33

What are the group of chemicals called that farmers add to soil to replace minerals?

Answer 33

fertilisers

Question 34

Why does a nitrate deficiency lead to poor growth?

Answer 34

1. Nitrates are needed to make amino acids 2. Which make proteins 3. Proteins are needed for growth

Question 35

What three minerals are in NPK fertilisers?

Answer 35

Nitrogen (N) Phosphorous (P) and Potassium (K)

Question 36

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 36

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)

Question 37

What are the reactants in aerobic respiration?

Answer 37

glucose and oxygen

Question 38

What are the products in aerobic respiration?

Answer 38

carbon dioxide and water

Question 39

Where in the cell does respiration take place?

Answer 39

Mitochondria

Question 40

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 40

Glucose → Lactic acid (+ energy)

Question 41

What is the purpose of respiration?

Answer 41

To release energy

Question 42

Which cells have lots of mitochondria for respiration?

Answer 42

Muscle cells

Question 43

How does the glucose for respiration get to your cells?

Answer 43

In the blood plasma

Question 44

How does the oxygen for respiration get to your cells?

Answer 44

Transported by red blood cells

Question 45

Name the red pigment in red blood cells that binds oxygen.

Answer 45

Haemoglobin

Question 46

How does the carbon dioxide produced in respiration get transported away from the cells?

Answer 46

In the blood plasma

Question 47

Which type of respiration releases most energy?

Answer 47

aerobic respiration

Question 48

Which type of respiration is used when there is not enough oxygen present?

Answer 48

anaerobic respiration

Question 49

What problem can lactic acid cause?

Answer 49

Muscle cramps

Question 50

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 50

The extra oxygen you need to inhale at the end of exercise to break down the lactic acid. Hence, you keep breathing heavily.

Question 51

What is the anaerobic respiration that produces ethanol and carbon dioxide called?

Answer 51

Fermentation

Question 52

What is the word equation for fermentation called?

Answer 52

glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide (+ energy)

Question 53

Name the micro-organism used for fermentation in baking and brewing

Answer 53

yeast

Question 54

Why is fermentation useful in baking?

Answer 54

Carbon dioxide is produced as a gas. Gas bubbles make the bread rise.

Question 55

What happens to the ethanol produced during the fermentation process in baking?

Answer 55

It has a low boiling point So it evaporates

Question 56

What is the useful product of fermentation for the brewing process?

Answer 56

Ethanol