Earth and Rocks Flashcards
what are the earths layers?
crust
mantle
outer core
inner core
what layer of the atmosphere is the closest to the Earth?
troposphere
what are the gases the Earth is made up of?
78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
1% noble gases
0.04% carbon dioxide
what are the properties of sedimentary rock?
made up of sediments
porous
soft
break easily
gaps between the sediments so water can get in
what is weathering?
the breaking up of rock into smaller pieces called rock
what is freeze-thaw weathering?
water gets in the rock and then freezes and then the ice makes the rock expands and then the process repeats until the rock is completely broken
what is chemical weathering?
when acid in the rain reacts with the substances in the rock
what is biological weathering?
when plants and animals break up the rock
what is erosion?
the breaking of the rock into sediments and the movement of the sediments away from the rock
what is transport?
the moving of sediments far away from the original rock
what is deposition?
when sediments stop moving and settle in one place
what is compaction?
when the weight of sediments above squashes together the sediments below
what is cementation?
when another substance sticks the sediments together
what are the stages of sedimentary rock in order?
weathering
erosion and transport
disposition
compaction and cementation
how are igneous rocks formed?
when magma comes out the volcano and becomes lava and then cools down and solidifies
