Earth

Question 1

Name the five structures of the earth

Answer 1

1. inner core (solid)
2. outer core (liquid)
3. lower mantle (solid)
4. upper mantle (liquid/solid)
5. crust (solid)

Question 2

How do we know about the structure of the earth?

Answer 2

Through studying seismic waves from

1. earthquakes,
2. expolsions
3. oceanic movements

Question 3

Name two types of seismic waves.

Answer 3

1. shear waves (s waves)
2. pressure waves (p waves)

Question 4

other evidence about the earth structure comes from

Answer 4

1. laboratory experiments (on surface minerals and rocks at high pressure and temperature)
2. geological observation of surface rocks
3. studies of the Earth’s motions in the Solar System,
4. studies of the Earth’s gravity and magnetic fields,
5. studies of the flow of heat from inside the Earth.

Question 5

What is weathering?

Answer 5

Weathering: ‘The break down of rock by the action of water, growing plants, heat, cold, ice and chemicals’

Question 6

What is erosion

Answer 6

Erosion: ‘The removal of soil, mud and rock by the action of wind, water, ice or gravity’

Question 7

An example of a stucture made from erosion

Answer 7

The grand canyon

Question 8

What are the three types of rocks

Answer 8

1. igneous rocks (volcaneos)
2. metamorphic rocks (heat and pressure)
3. sedimentary rocks (form layers)

Question 9

The rocks on the earth change due to the effects of climate, erosion, volcanic action and pressure caused by the movement of tectonic plates and heat due to the mantle.

Describe the rock cycle

Answer 9

The Rock Cycle is a group of changes. Igneous rock can change into sedimentary rock or into metamorphic rock. Sedimentary rock can change into metamorphic rock or into igneous rock. Metamorphic rock can change into igneous or sedimentary rock.

Question 10

What is a mineral

Answer 10

1. Minerals are the building blocks of rocks.
2. Minerals are natural substances that often form crystal structures and are prized for their beauty.
3. Minerals are made of atoms including oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium and potassium plus others.
4. Examples of minerals include quartz, mica and feldspar

Question 11

Minerals are classified on their properties (which ones)

Answer 11

1. colour
2. hardness
3. lustre
4. transparency