Earth Flashcards
What causes volcanos?
When magma rises to the surface of the earth.
This gas can cause pressure to build up in the mountain and it eventually explodes
What causes earth quakes?
When rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault.
The sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake
Mantle?
4 facts
Below the crust
Thickest layer of the earth
Very hot
Made up of solid rock
Crust?
2 facts
Thin crust / outer layer of the earth
Made up mostly of rock
Outer core?
1 fact
A liquid layer of melted nickel and iron
Which layer of the earth is the hottest?
Mantle
Inner core?
2 facts
Made of solid nickel and iron
The most inner core of the earth
The _____ is the thinnest part of the earth?
Crust
What causes the tectonic plates to move?
CONVECTION CURRENTS in the liquid mantle
Cone volcano?
3 facts
CONE SHAPED
SMALL
EXPLOSIVE
Shield volcano?
4 facts
Low slopes SHAPED LIKE A SHEILD
LARGE VOLCANO
QUIET VOLCANO
Spews runny lava
Erosion meaning?
The breakdown of rock into smaller pieces through exposure to wind, water, heat and cold
Two types of weathering?
- Mechanical
2. Chemical
Weathering meaning?
The movement of weathered material by gravity, wind, and cold
Mechanical weathering?
Gradual breakdown of rock to sand. And then to silt or powdered rock and finally to clay through physical means
Chemical weathering?
The breakup of rock caused by a change in its chemical make up.
_____ is the most common producer of chemicals that can weather rock.
Rain - Absorbs carbon and or Sulfur dioxide from the atmosphere, forming carbonic ACID and sulphuric ACID.
Turns to ACID RAIN
Three types of PLATE BOUNDARIES ?
- Transform
- Convergent
- Divergent
Convergent boundaries?
Where two plates are colliding
Divergent boundaries?
Where two plates are moving apart
Transform boundaries?
Where plates slide past each other
_________ (?) is the action of exogenic processes which remove soil and rock from one location on the earths crust and is deposited.
Erosion
________ erosion is the wearing away of land and the removal of beach or dune sediments by wave action, tidal currents, wave currents, drainage or high winds.
Coastal
3 types of rocks?
- Sedimentary
- Metamorphic
- Igneous
What is a sedimentary rock?
Three facts including an example
Formed from particles in sand, shells, pebbles etc.
Fairly soft, break easy, fossils are found in them
EXAMPLE - Limestone
What is a metamorphic rock?
Three facts including an example
Formed under the surface of the earth
Formed due to intense pressure and heat
EXAMPLE - Marble
What is igneous rock?
Three facts including an example
Formed when magma cools and hardens
Gas bubbles are trapped during the cooling process leaving holes in the rock
EXAMPLE - Basalt
How is the shape of a volcano determined?
By the type of eruption and the composition of the magma
Cone and composite are violent
Shield is quiet
Running water causes _ (?) shaped valleys by erosion
V shaped
______ (?) Form U - Shaped valleys
Glaciers
