Chemistry Flashcards
Name the changes in state?
6
Solid ➡️ M e l t i n g ➡️ Liquid
Liquid ➡️ F R e e z I n g ➡️ Solid
Gas ➡️ C r y s t a l l i s a t i o n ➡️ Solid
Solid ➡️ S u b l I m a t I o n ➡️ Gas
Gas ➡️ C o n d e n s a t I o n ➡️ Liquid
Liquid ➡️ V a p o R a t I o n ➡️ Gas
The PH number for a acid?
C.
Below 7 = Acidic
Anything over 7 = Base
Define a compound?
A thing that is composed of two or more separate elements;
A mixture
Define an element?
Each of more than one hundred substances that cannot be chemically interconverted or broken down into simpler substances and are primary constituents of matter. Each element is distinguished by its atomic number; the number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms.
A substance
Define a mixture?
A substance made by mixing other substances together
Symbol for hydrochloride acid?
HCI
Symbol for sulphuric acid?
H2SO4
Symbol for nitric acid?
HNO3
What colour does the litmus paper turn in acidic solutions?
Red
What colour does the litmus paper turn when put in alkaline solutions?
Blue
What colour does the litmus paper turn in neutral solutions?
Purple
What is the difference between Solid, liquid and gas particles?
S o l I d - particles are tight and do not move
L I q u I d - particles they slide around each other but are still fairly close together
G a s - particles vibrate at high speeds and are spread out
How do we count the atoms and elements in a formula?
E l e m e n t s - Using the periodic table
A t o m s - Add the numbers in the formula
Symbol for sodium chloride?
Table salt - NaCI
Symbol for water?
H20
Symbol for carbon dioxide?
C02
State the first 20 elements of the periodic table?
H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca
What does an atoms atomic number stand for?
Atomic number stands for the ➡️ Protons
What does the atomic mass stand for?
Number of protons + number of neutrons
Protons =?
Determines what element it is
Neutrons =?
Added with Protons is atomic mass
Electrons =?
Usually the same number as the protons
Parts of an atom?
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Where are the protons and neutrons found?
Nucleus
What is the difference between chemical and physical change?
Physical change ➡️ Rearranges molecules but doesn’t affect their internal structures
Chemical change ➡️ Is any change that results in the formation of new chemical substances. Breaking or making bonds between atoms at the molecular level
What charge does a proton have?
+ = positive charge
What charge does a electron have?
- = negative
What charge does a neutron have?
0 = neutral
Solvent meaning?
Able to dissolve other substances
Solute meaning?
Dissolves in a solvent
Dilute meaning?
Make (a liquid) thinner or weaker by adding water or another solvent added
Concentrated meaning?
To make a solution or mixture less dilute
Soluble meaning ?
Able to be dissolved
Insoluble meaning?
Incapable of being dissolved
Filtration method of separating mixtures?
Can be used to separate a solid from a liquid
Passes through the holes in the filter paper but the solid particles are too big and get stuck
Evaporating method of separating mixtures?
Separate a dissolved SOLUTE from a SOLUTION
