Early Vernacular Music

Question 1

Two developments in poetry around 1000

Answer 1

1. rhymed couplets became more common

2. more consistency in the number of syllables and stress patterns among lines of poetry

Question 2

Troubadour poetic types

Answer 2

1. vers - poem to be sung
2. canso - love song
3. sirventes - song of service
4. tenso - poetic debate
5. pastorela - pastoral song about shepherdesses
6. albas - dawn song about lovers departing

Question 3

Trouvere repertory categories

Answer 3

1. Chanson de geste - epic poetry (songs of deeds)
2. Lais & Descorts - narrative poems in rhymed couplets
3. rotrounge - inconsistent form with no agreement regarding style traits - refrain
4. rondeau - refrain form that became fixed at the end of the 13th century; aAabAB or ABaAabAB
5. ballade - more consistency in structure by 14th century; refrain typically aab or aabC
6. virelai - AbbaA - matured in the 14th century

Question 4

Important Troubadours

Answer 4

William of Acquitaine - 12th cent
Marcabru - 12th cent
Bernart de Ventadorn - 12th cent

Question 5

Important Trouveres

Answer 5

Blondel de Nesel - 12th cent
Perrin d’Agincourt - 13th cent
Thibaut (King of Navarre) - 13th cent
Adam de la Halle - 13th cent

Question 6

Minnelieder types

Answer 6

1. Frauenstrophe - about the absence of lovers
2. Tagelied - dawn song about lovers departing
3. Streitgedicht - dispute poem
4. Leich - poem praising the Virgin or a lady
5. Kreuzlied - about the Crusades

Question 7

Important Minnesingers

Answer 7

Walther von der Vogelweide - 13th cent
Neidhart von Reuenthal - 13th cent
Heinrich von Meissen - 13th cent