Early Tension Flashcards
When was the Tehran conference ? ⏰
November - December 1943
When was the Yalta conference ? ⏰
February 1945
What happened at the Yalta conference ? 🤔
Germany would be reduced in size, divided and demilitarised.
The UN would be set up.
Poland would be in the ‘Soviet sphere of influence’ but run on a broader democratic basis.
When was the Potsdam conference ? ⏰
July - August 1945
Who were the leaders present at the Potsdam conference ? 💪
Stalin
Truman
Attlee
Name 3 things that were agreed at the Potsdam conference 🤝
Germany was to be divided into four zones of occupation, run by Britain, France,the USA and the Soviet Union
Berlin was also to be divided into zones of occupation
A council of foreign ministers was set up to organise the rebuilding of Europe
What were the causes of the end of the Grand Alliance ? 😭
USA had an atomic bomb - huge military advantage over other countries
Distrust between the new leaders
No common enemy since Hitler had died
Differences in views as Stalin was communist and Truman/Attlee were capitalist
What was the message in the Long Telegram about ? 😡
the Soviet Union saw capitalism as a threat
the Soviet Union was building it’s military power
peace between a communist Soviet Union and a capitalist USA was not possible
What was the message in Novikov’s telegram about ? 😡
the USA wanted world domination and was building up military strength
the USA was preparing its people for war with the Soviet Union
Name 3 satellite states 🤝
East Germany Poland Hungary Romania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia
Which ideology follows the idea of private ownership?
Capitalism
Which ideology follows the idea of state ownership?
Communism
What was the name of the three allied countries that formed to defeat Nazi Germany?
The Grand Alliance
What was agreed at Tehran 1943?
Spheres of influence, USSR declare war on Japan, opening up of a ‘second front’
What was agreed at Yalta in February 1945?
USSR have Poland in their ‘sphere’, but there would be ‘free elections’ in Soviet occupied countries
What was agreed at Potsdam, July-August 1945?
Germany would be divided into four zones. Berlin would do the same. Nazis would be banned.
Who were the ‘new faces’ at Potsdam?
Harry Truman, USA and Clement Attlee UK
What did Harry Truman do to frighten the USSR and Stalin at the Potsdam Conference?
Used the Atomic Bomb on Japan, ending WWII.
What did Stalin want in order to protect the USSR from invasions?
Buffer Zone
Which two telegrams were sent in 1946 and 1947 that caused tension to rise?
Novikov and Long Telegram - Both said that each side were basically out to destroy one another
Who wrote and read the ‘iron curtain’ speech? What was he talking about?
Winston Churchill. He suggested a iron curtain has emerged between the West and East across the heart of Europe
What speech suggested the USA should help European nations both militarily and economically?
Truman Doctrine
What was the Truman Doctrine?
A speech outlining Harry Truman’s plans to contain the spread of communism. Known as containment.
Why did Stalin blockade Berlin in 1948-49
He was angry that the Western powers had broken their promises and formed ‘trizonia’
How did the Western powers get around Stalin’s blockade of Berlin in 1948-49
An airlift. It became known as the Berlin Airlift.
How did Stalin get control of Satellite States?
Manipulation of elections, arresting opposition and creating a one party state
What was the Marshall Plan?
Economic aid from the USA to any country in Europe who was willing to trade with them in return. Examples include Western European nations, UK, Italy, France, West Germany.
What were the consequences of the Berlin Blockade?
East and West Germany was created. The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) was set up. The Warsaw Pact was set up.
How did Stalin react to the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan?
He set up com-inform and com-econ
What was com-inform?
The organisation of communist parties and government throughout Eastern Europe. It gave Stalin total control over what happened in those countries.
What was com-econ?
Financial assistance set up to help countries in the Warsaw Pact. This was the USSR’s equivalent of the Marshall Plan
