early Russian/long-term causes of 1905 revolution Flashcards
what did the relaxation of censorship allow
allowed controversial material to come to Russia from abroad
when was Das Kapital allowed to be published and what was the influence of it
- in 1870
- socialist principles advocated by Marx found a receptive audience within Russia, especially amongst Uni students which increased radicalism during 1860s
when was Russian made the official language of the empire and it’s consequence
- 1885
- caused resentment in Central Asia
- forbade any other languages to be used
which ethnic minority suffered the most and why
Jewish population suffered through mob attacks that were approved by the government
what did the government introduce to control government opponents and destroy organisations, such as the Peoples will
introduced the Statute of State Security
what did the Statute of State Security consist of
- set up gov controlled courts to try gov opponents
- allowed gov to arrest and put on trial political opponents, without a jury
how long did these courts remain in existence for
although they were meant to be a temporary measure, they remained in use until the end of the Tsarist regime in 1917
what did the Okhrana ban and why
banned foreign books and newspapers to prevent dangerous foreign ideas - such as democracy from reaching the Russian people
how were universities affected by censorship
- put under strict government supervision
- fees increased to exclude everyone except from the wealthy
what happened with universities in 1884
lost their self-government and came under Gov-control
what happened with universities in 1889
temporarily closed due to student demonstrations against gov control
when and with what did Alexander III interfere with the legal system
- interfered with the trial by jury system
- after the trial of a radical extremist where the jury’s verdict reflected widespread public dislike of the policies under Alexander III
what were the four reforms introduced by Alexander II that gave hope to greater freedom and democracy
- elected local gov and bodies
- emancipation of the surfs in 1861
- judicial reforms (barristers and trial by jury introduced)
- relaxation of censorship