Early pregnancy problems

Question 1

5 types of miscarriage?

Answer 1

Threatened
Inevitable 
Incomplete
Complete 
Missed 

(Make sure you know what they each mean!)

Question 2

Recurrent miscarriage?

Answer 2

3 or more consecutive miscarriages within 1 year

Question 3

6 general causes of miscarriage?

Answer 3

Fetal chromosomal abnormalities

Endocrine factors (such as PCOS which increases circulating level of lutenising hormone in follicular phase and also poorly controlled DM)

Immunological causes (Autoimmune such as lupus anticoagulant and antiphospholipid antibodies) and (alloimmune such as fetomaternal interface)

Uterine anomalies such as fibroids

Infections (Rubella, cytomegalovirus, malaria, typanosomiasis, Chlamydia, mycoplasma, Listeria, Syphillis)

Environment

Question 4

Best investigations for miscarriage?

Answer 4

• TV US

- hCG reducing more than 50% over 48 hours

Question 5

Options you can see of a TV US with ?miscarriage

Answer 5

1. Viable IU preg- yay!
2. Empty gestational sac
3. Fetal pole with no heart beat
4. Empty uterus
5. Gestational trophoblastic disease (Molar)