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Stage 3: EJR - Obstetrics > Early pregnancy care > Flashcards

Early pregnancy care Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of miscarriage

A

Pregnancy loss before 24w

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2
Q

In COMPLETE miscarriage

  • is cervix open/ closed
  • what do you see on USS
A

Closed cervix

USS

  • empty uterus (no foetus)
  • endometrial thickness <15min
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3
Q

In INCOMPLETE miscarriage

  • is cervix open/ closed
  • what do you see on USS
A

Closed/ open cervix

USS
-some products

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4
Q

In MISSED miscarriage

  • is cervix open/ closed
  • what do you see on USS
A

Closed cervix

USS:
-no foetal heart beat + foetal pole >7mm OR
-gestation sac >25mm + no foetal pole + no yolk sac
non-viable foetus

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5
Q

In THREATENED miscarriage

  • is cervix open/ closed
  • what do you see on USS
A

Close cervix

```
USS:
-gestation sac
-foetal pole
-foetal heart activity
viable foetus
~~~

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6
Q

In INEVITABLE miscarriage

  • is cervix open/ closed
  • what do you see on USS
A

Open cervix

USS

  • gestation sac
  • may or may not have foetal pole/ heart activity
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7
Q

What on a USS would indicate a foetus of uncertain viability
(2 different combinations of findings)

A
  1. No heartbeat + foetal pole >7mm

2. No foetal pole + no yolk sac + gestation sac >25mm

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8
Q

2 drugs in medical management of miscarriage

A
  1. Misoprostol (prostaglandin analogue)

2. Mifepristone (anti-progesterone priming)

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9
Q

What happens in a molar pregnancy

A

NON-VIABLE fertilised egg implants in uterus

Uncontrolled proliferation leads to uterine mass with swollen chorionic villi

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10
Q

Risk factors for molar pregnancy

A
  • Age >45y or <16y
  • Multiple pregnancy
  • Previous molar pregnancy
  • Menarche >12y, light menstruation
  • OCP use
  • Asians
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11
Q

Invasive form of a molar pregnancy

A

Choriocarcinoma

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12
Q

2 early clinical signs of molar pregnancy

A
  1. Vaginal bleeding

2. High hCG levels

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13
Q

6 late clinical signs of molar pregnancy

A
  1. Hyperemesis
  2. Abnormally large uterus
  3. Anaemia
  4. Hyperthyroidism
  5. Pre-eclampsia
  6. Respiratory distress
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14
Q

In a molar pregnancy, in which trimester is a USS most reliable

A

2nd trimester

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15
Q

USS appearance of a molar pregnancy

A

Snowstorm appearance

swollen villi + complete moles

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16
Q

How long after treatment of a molar pregnancy should a woman wait before conceiving

A

hCG levels should have been normal for 6 months

If underwent chemotherapy, don’t conceive until 1year after treatment completion

17
Q

What hormone causes hyperemesis gravidarum

A

increased hCG

18
Q

Risk factors for hyperemesis gravidarum

A
  1. Multiple pregnancy

2. Molar pregnancy

Stage 3: EJR - Obstetrics (17 decks)

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