Early Explorers and Colonies Flashcards
What was the first country to create colonies in the “new world”?
Spain
What is a colony?
an area that is taken over and controlled (governed) by a stronger country
What were Spanish explorers who defeated the indiginous population took over land in the “New World” called?
Conquistadors
These were set up by priests and monks so that they could convert the indiginous people to the Christian religion
Missions
What does the word CONVERT mean?
to change from one thing to another.
In this unit the word is used when we talk about Europeans trying to get indiginous people to change thier religion.
This series of wars connected Europe with trade routes in the Middle East and Asia increasing peoples desire for travel and trading.
Crusades
What is another word for Native American?
Indiginous- these are people who were original to the area.
What country developed the first LAND trade route to Asia?
Italy
A large farm which grew crops for sale and mainly used enslaved workers.
Plantation
Spanish law/ruling that gave settlers land in New Spain and to force indiginous people to pay taxes and work for free
Encomienda
A system of LIVING things moving between the Eastern and Western Hemisphere.
Columbian Exchange
What country had the first all water trade route to Asia?
Portugal
What was the most destructive living item brought to the “New World” by Spanish explorers?
Diseases
Why were the Spanish conquistadors able to defeat the indigenous population easily?
The Spanish had:
- horses the indigenous people had never seen
- metal “explosive” weapons such guns and cannons
- illnesses such as the flu and smallpox
- the indiginous people thought they might be gods and didn’t want to fight at first.
Where were the Spanish Colonies located?
- Most of South America
- Mexico and Central America
- Florida and the Southwest of the current U.S.A.
Where were the Frencch Colonies located?
- Present day Canada
- Around the Hudson and St. Lawrence River
- Along the Mississippi River in the center of the United States
What were the 3 main goals of the Spanish Colonies?
Gold
Glory
God
What were the 2 main ways the French Colonies produced wealth?
- Fish (gathered and sold in Europe)
- Fur Trade (especially beaver furs- waterproof!)
What were the explorers paid by the French government looking for?
The Northwest Passage
What was the Northwest Passage?
- Most of Europe believed that there was a water route that could take them through North America so that they could sail quickly around the world and get to Asia.
- They looked for rivers and lakes which connected and would let them sail through the continent
- The French looked the hardest.
- It did not exist.
Which nation did their best to trade fairly with the indigenous population?
France
Which nation enslaved the indigenous population and used them to farm sugar cane?
Spain
Which nation forced the indigenous population to change their religion to Christianity?
Spain
Which nation learned how to hunt and trap from the indigenous population?
France
Which nation had the highest rate of marriage with the indigenous population?
France
Which nation accidentally brought germs and diseases to the “New World”?
Both Spain and France
Which nation stole huge amounts of land from the indigenous population?
Spain
Which nation had a fairly friendly relationship with the indigenous population?
France
What was the main goal of colonies created by all European countries?
to make a profit (wealth) for the mother country.
What is a mother country?
A country that owns and controls a colony.
