Early Elizabethan England

Question 1

What was the privy council

Answer 1

A group of around twenty of the Queen’s most trusted councellors

Question 2

What did the privy council do

Answer 2

Advised Elizabeth on all aspects of government and ensured her wishes were carried out

Question 3

What was parliament

Answer 3

Made up of members of nobility and the gentry

Question 4

What was the purpose of parliament

Answer 4

The Queen needed parliaments consent to pass new laws or raise taxes.

Question 5

What was Justice of the peace

Answer 5

Local government post that enforced law, provided for the poor and ensured roads and bridges were maintained

Question 6

What was the gentry

Answer 6

The gentry were part of the social elite in elizabethan england but below level of nobility

Question 7

What Were Elizabeth’s difficulties when becoming Queen

Answer 7

• She had been declared Illegitimate
• People thought it was unnatural for a woman to be in charge
• She was expected to Marry and produce an heir

Question 8

Why was the English Economy weak

Answer 8

-Inherited Debt from Past wars
-Nobility and gentry payed less tax than they owed
-High levels of inflation
-Elizabeth Sold land to cover debt meaning less income

Question 9

What was the French Threat

Answer 9

-Mary 1 took England to war with france to help her husband Philip II of Spain 1557
- Not a success England lost control of calais and the English channel higher risk of french invasion

Question 10

How did Elizabeth End the war with France

Answer 10

Peace treaty agreed in 1559

Question 11

What beliefs did protestants have (4)

Answer 11

• Believed christians were saved by faith not good deeds
  -questioned the authority of the pope
  -Translated the bible from latin into other languages
  -Churches were plain and simole instead of decorated

Question 12

Previous Religous Changes

Answer 12

-Henry 8 Formed church of England couldn’t divorce wife.
-Edward VI tried to make england more protestant
-Mary 1st restored catholicism and persecuted protestants

Question 13

What was the most significant problem at the start of Elizabeth’s reign 1558

Answer 13

Religous divisions - Elizabeth Wanted to create religous stability

Question 14

What and when was the Act of Supremacy

Answer 14

Elizabeth became supreme governor of English church -1559

Question 15

What were the Royal Injunctions

Answer 15

-Going to church made impulsory
-Book of common prayer issued to all churches
-All parishes must own an English Bible

Question 16

What was the act of uniformity

Answer 16

-Communion service named so it could be accepted by protestants and catholics
-Churches permitted to keep some decoration and priests made to wear catholic vestments (robes)

Question 17

What was the point of the Act of Uniformity and Royal Injunctions

Answer 17

Made England a protestant country that allowed catholics to practice as well for religous stability and peace

Question 18

What were the Puritans

Answer 18

Extreme protestants wanted a more protestant country

Question 19

What was the vestment contreversy

Answer 19

Puritan priests refused to wear catholic vestments (one of the royal injunctions) they were imprisoned or lost their job

Question 20

What threat did Nobilities pose?

Answer 20

Continued to Practise Catholicism potential to overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism

Question 21

Was Spain a threat in 1560

Answer 21

No formed alliance with England because of Netherland Revolt

Question 22

Why was the pope a potential threat

Answer 22

Had power to excommunicate Elizabeth from the Catholic Church. But no military support

Question 23

Why was Mary queen of Scots a threat

Answer 23

-Had a stronger claim than Elizabeth to the English throne
-was catholic so supported by Nobility

Question 24

What did Mary do in 1568

Answer 24

Mary fled to England

Question 25

What Happened to Mary

Answer 25

She was Imprisoned by Elizabeth upon reaching England because she was a threat to the throne

Question 26

What was the most significant problem in 1559-1568

Answer 26

Mary Queen of Scots was the most significant problem: -Had better claim to the throne -Was Catholic -Supported by Nobility to overthrow Elizabeth -Fled to England

Question 27

Why were Northern Earls Unhappy

Answer 27

-Still commited catholics under Elizabeth's protestant rule -Reduced their power and increased protestant control of North

Question 28

How and When did the Northern Earls revolt

Answer 28

In 1569 Duke of Norfolk planned to marry Mary and have her recognised as Elizabeth's Heir

Question 29

How did the Revolt of the Northern Earls fail?

Answer 29

-Large Royal Army forced them fo retreat in Tutbury -Earl of Northumberland Executed -Two Earls fled to Scotland

Question 30

Why was the Revolt of the Northern Earls a threat

Answer 30

-created widespread fear of being persecuted among protestants in England -Caused pope to excommunicate Elizabeth to help revolt. -Extreme threat to Elizabeth's Rule showing danger of Mary

Question 31

What was the Ridolfi Plot and When

Answer 31

Ridolfi was an italian banker who helped with Revolt of nothern earls. Planned to assassinate Elizabeth and marry mary to duke of norfolk then make Mary queen.

Question 32

Why did the Ridolfi plot fail?

Answer 32

Elizabeth's allies informed her of the plot and conspirators. And intercepted letters between mary and Norfolk. Norfolk executed

Question 33

What and when was the Throckmorton plot

Answer 33

1583- led by Francis Throckmorton planned to assasinate Elizabeth and replace her with Mary. Planned to Invade England with French troops financed by Pope and Phillip II of Spain

Question 34

How did the Throckmorton plot fail

Answer 34

Plot uncovered by Walsingham Throckmorton placed under surveillance for several months Bond of association formed

Question 35

What was the Bond of association

Answer 35

Aimed to prevent anynore plots allowed the execution of anyone who attempted to overthrow the queen.

Question 36

Why were the plots a threat to Elizabeth?

Answer 36

-May's prescene in England made it Easier to replace Elizabeth with her. -Pope could rally support as the head of the catholic church.

Question 37

What were weaknesses with the plots

Answer 37

-Elizabeth well like Queen by majority. -Phillip II reluctant to disrupt alliance with queen. Wasn't much help with plots -Elizabeth had highly efficient walsingham spy network to uncover plots

Question 38

When and What was the Babington Plot?

Answer 38

1586 - Led by Anyhony Babington. Involved support of France and Spain to invade and assasinate Elizabeth and make Mary Queen.

Question 39

How did the Babington plot fail

Answer 39

Walsingham was following the plot through his spy network. Intercepted all letters to and from mary. Babbington and others executed for treason

Question 40

What happened to Mary as a result of the babbington plot

Answer 40

Mary tried and executed for treason by Elizabeth although reluctant.

Question 41

What were the consequences of Mary's execution

Answer 41

-Reduced catholic threat in England and stopped any future plots occuring -Increased threat from abroad. Countries more determined to invade