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History GCSE > Early Elizabethan England > Flashcards

Early Elizabethan England Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the privy council

A

A group of around twenty of the Queen’s most trusted councellors

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2
Q

What did the privy council do

A

Advised Elizabeth on all aspects of government and ensured her wishes were carried out

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3
Q

What was parliament

A

Made up of members of nobility and the gentry

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4
Q

What was the purpose of parliament

A

The Queen needed parliaments consent to pass new laws or raise taxes.

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5
Q

What was Justice of the peace

A

Local government post that enforced law, provided for the poor and ensured roads and bridges were maintained

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6
Q

What was the gentry

A

The gentry were part of the social elite in elizabethan england but below level of nobility

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7
Q

What Were Elizabeth’s difficulties when becoming Queen

A
  • She had been declared Illegitimate
  • People thought it was unnatural for a woman to be in charge
  • She was expected to Marry and produce an heir
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8
Q

Why was the English Economy weak

A

-Inherited Debt from Past wars
-Nobility and gentry payed less tax than they owed
-High levels of inflation
-Elizabeth Sold land to cover debt meaning less income

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9
Q

What was the French Threat

A

-Mary 1 took England to war with france to help her husband Philip II of Spain 1557
- Not a success England lost control of calais and the English channel higher risk of french invasion

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10
Q

How did Elizabeth End the war with France

A

Peace treaty agreed in 1559

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11
Q

What beliefs did protestants have (4)

A
  • Believed christians were saved by faith not good deeds
    -questioned the authority of the pope
    -Translated the bible from latin into other languages
    -Churches were plain and simole instead of decorated
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12
Q

Previous Religous Changes

A

-Henry 8 Formed church of England couldn’t divorce wife.
-Edward VI tried to make england more protestant
-Mary 1st restored catholicism and persecuted protestants

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13
Q

What was the most significant problem at the start of Elizabeth’s reign 1558

A

Religous divisions - Elizabeth Wanted to create religous stability

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14
Q

What and when was the Act of Supremacy

A

Elizabeth became supreme governor of English church -1559

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15
Q

What were the Royal Injunctions

A

-Going to church made impulsory
-Book of common prayer issued to all churches
-All parishes must own an English Bible

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16
Q

What was the act of uniformity

A

-Communion service named so it could be accepted by protestants and catholics
-Churches permitted to keep some decoration and priests made to wear catholic vestments (robes)

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17
Q

What was the point of the Act of Uniformity and Royal Injunctions

A

Made England a protestant country that allowed catholics to practice as well for religous stability and peace

18
Q

What were the Puritans

A

Extreme protestants wanted a more protestant country

19
Q

What was the vestment contreversy

A

Puritan priests refused to wear catholic vestments (one of the royal injunctions) they were imprisoned or lost their job

20
Q

What threat did Nobilities pose?

A

Continued to Practise Catholicism potential to overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism

21
Q

Was Spain a threat in 1560

A

No formed alliance with England because of Netherland Revolt

22
Q

Why was the pope a potential threat

A

Had power to excommunicate Elizabeth from the Catholic Church. But no military support

23
Q

Why was Mary queen of Scots a threat

A

-Had a stronger claim than Elizabeth to the English throne
-was catholic so supported by Nobility

24
Q

What did Mary do in 1568

A

Mary fled to England

25
Q

What Happened to Mary

A

She was Imprisoned by Elizabeth upon reaching England because she was a threat to the throne

26
Q

What was the most significant problem in 1559-1568

A

Mary Queen of Scots was the most significant problem:
-Had better claim to the throne
-Was Catholic
-Supported by Nobility to overthrow Elizabeth
-Fled to England

27
Q

Why were Northern Earls Unhappy

A

-Still commited catholics under Elizabeth’s protestant rule
-Reduced their power and increased protestant control of North

28
Q

How and When did the Northern Earls revolt

A

In 1569 Duke of Norfolk planned to marry Mary and have her recognised as Elizabeth’s Heir

29
Q

How did the Revolt of the Northern Earls fail?

A

-Large Royal Army forced them fo retreat in Tutbury
-Earl of Northumberland Executed
-Two Earls fled to Scotland

30
Q

Why was the Revolt of the Northern Earls a threat

A

-created widespread fear of being persecuted among protestants in England
-Caused pope to excommunicate Elizabeth to help revolt.
-Extreme threat to Elizabeth’s Rule showing danger of Mary

31
Q

What was the Ridolfi Plot and When

A

Ridolfi was an italian banker who helped with Revolt of nothern earls. Planned to assassinate Elizabeth and marry mary to duke of norfolk then make Mary queen.

32
Q

Why did the Ridolfi plot fail?

A

Elizabeth’s allies informed her of the plot and conspirators. And intercepted letters between mary and Norfolk. Norfolk executed

33
Q

What and when was the Throckmorton plot

A

1583- led by Francis Throckmorton planned to assasinate Elizabeth and replace her with Mary. Planned to Invade England with French troops financed by Pope and Phillip II of Spain

34
Q

How did the Throckmorton plot fail

A

Plot uncovered by Walsingham
Throckmorton placed under surveillance for several months
Bond of association formed

35
Q

What was the Bond of association

A

Aimed to prevent anynore plots allowed the execution of anyone who attempted to overthrow the queen.

36
Q

Why were the plots a threat to Elizabeth?

A

-May’s prescene in England made it Easier to replace Elizabeth with her.
-Pope could rally support as the head of the catholic church.

37
Q

What were weaknesses with the plots

A

-Elizabeth well like Queen by majority.
-Phillip II reluctant to disrupt alliance with queen. Wasn’t much help with plots
-Elizabeth had highly efficient walsingham spy network to uncover plots

38
Q

When and What was the Babington Plot?

A

1586 - Led by Anyhony Babington. Involved support of France and Spain to invade and assasinate Elizabeth and make Mary Queen.

39
Q

How did the Babington plot fail

A

Walsingham was following the plot through his spy network. Intercepted all letters to and from mary. Babbington and others executed for treason

40
Q

What happened to Mary as a result of the babbington plot

A

Mary tried and executed for treason by Elizabeth although reluctant.

41
Q

What were the consequences of Mary’s execution

A

-Reduced catholic threat in England and stopped any future plots occuring
-Increased threat from abroad. Countries more determined to invade

History GCSE (2 decks)

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