Early Development and Childhood Flashcards
What is child development?
THe long term process by which a child grows in many skills inlcuding more complex movement, congitive understadning, emotions and relationships with others.
What are the four main domains of child development?
Gross motor
Fine motor and vision
Speech/language
Social
What is part of gross motor development?
Use of larger muscle groups for posture and movement such as walking and sitting
Muscle groups near the head develop first, e.g can hold their own head up before they can walk
What is part of fine motor development?
Small muscle groups in hands and fingers, allows to pick up small objectives
What is part of language and communication development?
Ability to understand others - receptive
Express onself - expressive
Verbal and non-verbal communication skills
What is part of social development?
Childs interaction with family members and others
What is important to remember about development pace and variation?
All children undergoe the same development stages in the same consequential order.
However the pace and timing when they undergoe each stage varies.
How is abnormal delayed development time span identified?
If the child has not developed that skill within the time period when 90% of babies have already achieved that milestone.
What are the average time’s for babies to develop certain motor skills?
Sitting with support -7.6 months
Standing with support - 9.4 months
Hands and knees crawling - 10.5 months
Standing alone - 13.4 months
Walking alone - 14.4 months
Why is it important to know the normal ranges of development periods?
Reassurance of normalilty
Recognition of abnormalities such as specific/global motor delays.
Guide patient and family education on what stage of development the child is in an what activites should aid their development.
What should be considered regarding the cause of an abnormality when it is identified in a child?
If the delay is isolated or syndromic
If the cause is organic (genetic)
If the cause is social (safeguarding concerns, social inequalities)
What health and developmental review takes place between birth and 72 hours?
Full physical exam - eyes, heart, hips and testes
What health and developmental review takes place at 5 days old?
Blood spot test - is a heel prick test, tests for nine conditions including sickle cell disease and cystic fibrosis
What health and developmental review takes place at 2 weeks of development?
Health Visitor Check
Parental bonding
Birth weight and weight of baby - normally loses 10% of weight when a new newborn but that regains within the first 2 weeks.
What health and developmental review takes place between 6 and 8 weeks of development?
Conducted by GP
Checks eyes, heart, hips and testes
Discuss the first vaccines
What health and developmental review takes place between 9 and 12 months?
Health visitor review (langauge, learning, safety, diet and behaviour)
What health and development review happens at 2 1/2 years of age?
health visitor review
_check development, healthy eating, keepting active, dental hygiene and safety.
What health and development reviews happen at 4-6 yrs?
School nurse - safeguarding role, identify risk taking behaviour, lifestyle advice, support people with long term health needs, develop self care and knowledge on how to access health services.
What happens in a health visitor check?
When a health visitor visits you and the baby at home.
give advice on early care for the infant and the parents until the child is aged five yrs old.
Infant - safe sleep, sudden infant death syndrome, growth and development
Parents - secual health, communication, support groups, local support groups.
What are the different neonatal reflexes?
Breathing - taking first breath
Rooting - touching babies face causes it to turn head and open mouth
Sucking - touching mouth simulates sucking
Moro reflex - startle reflex to fling arms and legs upwards
Babinski reflex - stroking foot causes toes to turn and fan out
Swimming reflex - moves arms + legs and holds breath when submerged underwater
Stepping reflex - makes walking movements when held and feet touch the surface
Grasping reflex - grasps objects placed in hand
Why are neonatal reflexes important?
Should be present at birth, are primitive survival reflexes, essential for early nutrients and survival in potentially danagerous situations.
Note these reflexes should stop by four to six months, if this does not happen then there is a risk that the CNS is damaged as involuntary reflexes are not replaced by voluntary action.
What is bonding in terms of a mother and a child?
The emotional connection that the carer feels towards baby.
This is an intense connection, encourages the mother to love, protect and care their baby.