Early Childhood - Physical Development

Question 1

Physical Development (Aspects - Height & Weight)

Answer 1

Age 4:
Double birth length, 5-8cm per year which is a 80% increase in height.
A 300% increase in weight which is 2kg per year.

Question 2

Physical Development (Aspects - Physical Proportions)

Answer 2

Loss of ‘baby fat’ and start to resemble more of a young child.

Question 3

Physical Development (Aspects - Muscle and Bone Growth)

Answer 3

Increased daily activities and development of the Ossification, which is the hardening of the cartlidge and bone.

Question 4

Physical Development (Aspects - Teeth)

Answer 4

Lose ‘baby teeth’ which are replaced by more permanent teeth.

Question 5

Physical Development (Aspects - Brain Development)

Answer 5

Age 3: +/- 75% Brain Capacity.
Age 5: +/- 90% Brain Capacity.

Question 6

Physical Development (Aspects - Brain Development Frontal Lobe)

Answer 6

The Frontal Lobe areas of the cerebral cortex devoted to reasoning, planning, and organising behavior develop rapidly which expands language skills, enhances balance, and motor control and consciousness as the plasticity is still very high.

Question 7

Physical Development (Aspects - Brain Development Plasticity)

Answer 7

The ability of one area of the brain to take over the function of another brain area that has been damaged.

Question 8

Physical Development (Characteristics - Perceptual Development)

Answer 8

Age 2-3: Auditory acuity is developed to that of an adult, e.g., speech sounds.
Age 4-6: Perception of Fiqure-Ground where the child has the ability to distinguish between the different letters, they can consistently label colors at this age, the eyeballs are not yet fully developed by this point thus young children tend to be more farsighted.

Question 9

Physical Development (Characteristics - Motor Development Gross Motor Skills)

Answer 9

It involves the use of large muscles, e.g., the muscles used in climbing if running or jumping by age 3.
By age 5 children would be able to ride a bicycle and engage in activities that involve co-ordination and balance.

Question 10

Physical Development (Characteristics - Motor Development Fine Motor Skills)

Answer 10

The use of the small muscles in the hands and fingers. Children’s dexterity improves during this period thus they will write with.

Question 11

Physical Development (Characteristics - Motor Development Bilateral Coordination

Answer 11

The coordination of the left and the right halves of the body to engage in different activities.

Question 12

Physical Development (Influences - Hereditary and Hormones)

Answer 12

The pituitary gland (growth hormone) helps aid the tissue and organ growth.

Question 13

Physical Development (Influences - Hereditary and Hormones Thmyriod-Stimulating Hormone)

Answer 13

It stimulates the thyroid to release thyroxin, which is necessary for normal development of the nerve cells of the brain and for growth hormone to have its full impact on the body height and size.

Question 14

Physical Development (Influences - Nutrition)

Answer 14

Proper nutrition is vital for optimal physical and psychological growth and Malnutrition leads to lowered resistance to inflection like respiratory inflection.

Question 15

Physical Development (Influences - Nutrition Obesity and Undernourishment)

Answer 15

Undernourishment, especially between conception and the age of 2, are at risk of delayed cognitive development (delay in motor and mental development).
Obesity is a emerging public health crisis for children by the fact that overweight children tend to become overweight adults with the risk of diseases such as orthopaedic, neurological or pulmonary conditions which could cause depression and low self-esteem.

Question 16

Physical Development (Emotional Well-being)

Answer 16

Influence of environmental factors like divorce, stress, unemployment, and stress.

Question 17

Physical Development (Emotional Well-being Stress)

Answer 17

Stress affects hormones, digestion, and immune system which impacts the function of the pituitary gland which could lead to over or under production of growth hormones and the body become suspectable to viruses because stress lows one’s resistance.

Question 18

Physical Development (Emotional Well-being Psychosocial/Deprivation Dwarfism)

Answer 18

The delayed physical growth as a result of stress and emotional deprivation. Stress resulting from environments could have delayed on children’s physical growth and health.
Characterized by below average height, primary caregiver has problems and neglects child, the child will then flourish when removed from this environment.