Early childhood 2-5 years

Question 1

Explain ‘individual variation’

Answer 1

Understanding that people develop at different rates, everyone is unique and reach development milestones at their own rate.

Question 2

Name 4 gross motor skills seen during this period (2-5)

Answer 2

Running with ease
Walking in a straight line
Skip and hop
Kick a large ball

Question 3

Name 4 fine motor skills seen during this period (2-5 years)

Answer 3

Colour within the lines
Pick up blocks
Hold a pencil with a grip
Hold a cup with one hand

Question 4

Define the ‘theory of mind’

Answer 4

Theory of mind is understanding that other people have thoughts and feelings different from ours. It’s realizing that others see the world in their own way.

Question 5

Describe the Sally-Anne test and explain its purpose.

Answer 5

The Sally-Anne test is a classic experiment used to assess a child’s theory of mind, or their ability to understand that others have beliefs, thoughts, and perspectives different from their own.

In the test, a child watches a scenario involving two dolls, Sally and Anne. Sally places a ball in her basket and then leaves the room. While Sally is gone, Anne moves the ball from Sally’s basket to her own box. The child is then asked a critical question: Where will Sally look for her ball when she comes back?

The purpose of the Sally-Anne test is to determine whether the child understands that Sally will mistakenly look for her ball in the original location (her basket) because she does not know that Anne moved it. This demonstrates the child’s ability to attribute false beliefs to others, which is a key aspect of theory of mind. Children who pass the test typically understand that Sally will search in the wrong place because she doesn’t know what the child knows—that the ball was moved by Anne.

Question 6

Explain Erickson initiative vs Guilt Stage

Answer 6

At this age 3-5 children are curious and want to try things on their own.
If this is encouraged a child is more likely to take initiative.
If this is discouraged a child is more likely to hold back in trying new things later on in life.

Question 7

List the key forms of play

Answer 7

Creative play
Constructive play
Physical play
Pretend play
Word play
Explorative play

Question 8

Outline the benefits of play

Answer 8

1.) Promotes development
2.)To have fun.
3.) To learn more about themselves, like their interests.
4.) Physical benefits, health and fit
5.) Therapeutical benefits