Ear Problems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the management of tympanic membrane perforation?

A

Typically heal within 6-8 weeks
Avoid getting the ear wet
If due to otitis media -> antibiotics

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2
Q

What are the features of otitis media?

A

Ear pain, pulling in young children
Fever, corzya
Red, inflamed, bulging tympanic membrane
Pain can settle if perforation occurs, followed by purulent discharge

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3
Q

What are the complications of otitis media?

A

Tympanic membrane perforation
Mastoiditis
Otitis media with effusion (glue ear)

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of otitis media?

A

Strep. Pneumoniae
Also haemophilus influenza

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5
Q

What is the management of acute otitis media?

A

Typically self-limiting
Amoxicillin if: Perforation, systemically unwell, symptoms >4 days, immunocompromised or high risk of complications, younger than 2 with bilateral symptoms

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6
Q

What are the risk factors for glue ear?

A

Male sex
Bottle feeding
Parental smoking
Acute otitis media

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7
Q

What are the common bugs involved in otitis externa?

A

Staph aureus
Pseudomonas

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8
Q

What are the features of otitis externa?

A

Ear pain, itch, discharge, erythematous canal

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9
Q

What is the first line management of otitis externa?

A

Mild:topical acetic acid
Moderate:Topical antibiotic + topical steroid

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10
Q

What are the features of malignant otitis externa?

A

Pseudomonas
Diabetes
Involves the soft tissue
Severe ear pain, temporal headaches, purulent discharge

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11
Q

What are the features of cholesteatoma?

A

Foul-smelling, non-resolving discharge
Unilateral conductive hearing loss
Attic crust seen in the uppermost part of the eardrum

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12
Q

What is the antibiotic of choice in malignant otitis externa?

A

Ciprofloxacin

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13
Q

What are the key features of mastoiditis?

A

Swelling/erythema/tenderness over mastoid process
Anterior protrusion of ear
Clincal diagnosis
Refer to secondary care for IV antibiotics

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