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Audiology > Ear Pathologies, Malformations and Disorders > Flashcards

Ear Pathologies, Malformations and Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Cerumen

A
  • earwax
  • More common in the elderly
  • mostly men
  • outer ear
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2
Q

Stenosis

A
  • Very narrow ear canal, making it easy for wax to get trapped
  • Common in those with Autism
  • outer ear
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3
Q

Acute External Otitis

A
  • swimmers ear
  • any stagnated water source which causes inflammation
  • very painful
  • outer ear
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4
Q

Carcinoma

A
  • basal cell
  • squamous cell
  • melanoma
  • outer ear
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5
Q

Trauma (outer ear)

A
  • Frost bite, sports, piercings, etc.

- outer ear

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6
Q

Periochondritis

A
  • blood infection
  • red, swelling, hot, tender outer ear that can lead to serious complications
  • outer ear
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7
Q

Atresia (malformation)

A
  • Little or no ear formation, no ear canal
  • can be unilateral or bilateral
  • often syndromic
  • ex: Treacher-Collins
  • outer ear
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8
Q

Microtia (malformation)

A
  • very small ear canal, may or may not be open
  • unilateral or bilateral
  • outer ear
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9
Q

Cysts/Pits/Tags (malformation)

A
  • congenital and representative of an error in ear formation
  • can sometimes weep fluid from the inner ear and become easily infected
  • outer ear
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10
Q

Cyst:

A

Small growth or bump

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11
Q

Pit:

A

-tiny hole that can go all the back into the inner ear

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12
Q

Tags:

A

extra bits of skin

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13
Q

Otitis Media:

A
  • ear infection
  • middle ear
  • serous, mucoid or suppurative
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14
Q

Tympanic perforation:

A
  • middle ear
  • foreign object
  • blow to the head
  • barotrauma (scuba diving)
  • otitis media
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15
Q

Cholesteatoma:

A
  • middle ear
  • benign growth filled with skin cells/debris
  • occurs in flaccid part of the eardrum behind mastoid bone
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16
Q

Mastoiditis:

A
  • middle ear

- infectious invasion of the porous mastoid bone

17
Q

Otosclerosis:

A
  • middle ear
  • fixation of the ossicular chain
  • fixation of the stapes (ankylosis)
  • Genetic disorder that appears in the mid 40’s mostly in women
  • can be replaced by a metal rod
18
Q

Malleus fixation:

A
  • middle ear
  • loss of sound transmission
  • genetic or chronic infectious ear
19
Q

Ossicular discontinuity:

A
  • middle ear
  • trauma to the tympanic membrane
  • head trauma
  • can be fixed with a metal rod
20
Q

Eustachian tube dysfunction:

A
  • middle ear
  • due to allergies, asthma, respiratory disorders
  • very common in eskimo population due to head shape
  • enlarged adenoids
  • changes in air pressure
  • more genetic
21
Q

Glomus Tumor:

A
  • middle ear
  • Benign growth
  • very slow growing
  • can disrupt the ossicular chain
  • surgical removal
  • usually in adults
22
Q

Vestibular Schwannoma:

A
  • inner ear
  • usually a unilateral slow growing tumor on the VIII nerve, benign
  • very poor speech discrimination compared to thresholds
  • full feeling in the ear
23
Q

Neurofibromatosis:

A
  • inner ear
  • NF1 rarely involves the ear
  • NF2 faster growing acoustic tumors (bilateral)
  • cochlear neuritis
  • sudden onset of hearing loss
  • removal can cause damage to VIII nerve resulting in complete deafness
  • usually very large
24
Q

Noise induced hearing loss:

A
  • inner ear disorder
  • repeated exposure = progressive loss
  • single episode of exposure greater than 140dB HL causes deafness
  • classic “noise notch” in hearing test aka carthart notch
25
Q

Presbycusis:

A
  • inner ear disorder
  • aging of the ear
  • can involve degradation of cochlear structures
  • poor speech recognition
26
Q

Trauma (inner ear)

A
  • inner ear disorders
  • longitudinal fracture involving outer/middle ear systems (repairable)
  • transverse fractures involved inner ear systems (non-repairable)
27
Q

Ototoxicity:

A
  • inner ear disorder
  • loss due to exposure of a certain drug
  • can cause hearing loss in all ages
  • “mycin” drugs: aminoglycosides
  • anti-inflammatory drugs
  • chemotherapy
  • Quinine (malaria)
28
Q

Multiple Sclerosis:

A
  • central pathology
  • Demylenization of nerves which depletes fatty sheath from protecting nerves
  • the body attacks the myelin
  • plaque adhesions to the brainstem
29
Q

Disrupted Blood Supplies:

A
  • central pathology
  • TIA’s very small stroke (transient ischemic attacks)
  • Arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)
  • Aneurysm (burst blood vessel)
30
Q

Hereditary Motor Sensory Neuropathies (HMSN):

A
  • central pathology
  • charcot-marie-tooth
  • Friedrich’s Ataxia
31
Q

Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder:

A

-you can have a normal cochlea and an abnormal VIII nerve
-wide range of audiometric results
-many causes
-often misdiagnosed as central auditory processing disorder
-triage audiological test
(acoustic reflex testing, OAE, ABR)

32
Q

Mondini Malformation (Dyplasia):

A
  • cochlea malformation
  • cochlea only has 1 1/2 turns
  • est. to occur at 7 weeks gestation
33
Q

EVA:

A
  • enlarged vestibular aqueduct
  • cochlear malformation
  • can be congenital or acquired in first three years
  • associated with Pendred Syndrome
  • est. 5-10% of pediatric patients
  • trauma can cause complete hearing loss

Audiology (8 decks)

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