Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Conditions > Ear, Nose and throat conditions > Flashcards

Ear, Nose and throat conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is BPPV?

A

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo - a peripheral vestibular disorder that manifests as sudden, short-lived episodes of vertigo elicited by specific head movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What causes BPPV?

A

50-70% occurs without a known cause and is primary

Remainder termed secondary BPPV and associated with a range of underlying conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the possible underlying conditions for BPPV?

A 
Head trauma
Labyrinthitis
Vestibular neuronitis
Meniere's disease
Migraines
Ischaemic processes
Iatrogenic causes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the risk factors for BPPV?

A 
Age
Female sex
Head trauma
Labyrinthitis
Inner ear surgery
Meniere's disease
Otitis media
Hypertension
GCA
Osteoporosis
Intubation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of BPPV?

A 
Specific provoking positions
Brief duration of vertigo
Episodic vertigo
Severe and sudden vertigo
Normal otological exam
>50 
Female sex
Positional vertigo without nystagmus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What investigations are done for BPPV?

A

Dix hallpike manoeuvre
Supine lateral head turns
Audiogram
Brain MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Meniere’s disease?

A

Recurrent episodes of tinnitus, paroxysmal vertigo and unilateral fluctuating hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes meniere’s disease?

A

Unknown but results in over production of endolymph fluid or impaired absorption of endolymph fluid/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When is Meniere’s disease known as meniere’s syndrome?

A

When it is secondary to one of the known linked disorders

  • Vasculitis
  • RA
  • SLE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the risk factors for Meniere’s disease?

A

Viral infection
Genetic predisposition
Autoimmune diseases (Vasculitis, RA, SLE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Meniere’s disease?

A 
Recurrent vertigo lasting > 20 mins
Fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss
Tinnitus
Sensed aural fullness
Loss of balance to one side
Headaches
Nausea
Vomiting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the investigations for Meniere’s disease?

A

No specific test
MRI
Electrocochleography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a thyroglossal cyst?

A

An epithelium-lined fluid filled sac found along the course of descent of the thyroid gland, resulting from incomplete closure of the thyroid’s migration path

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes a thyroglossal cyst?

A

The thyroglossal duct is an embryonic remnant of the path of descent of the thyroid gland from the mouth down to its normal position in development.
The duct normally disappears in the 6th week, but if some tissue remains, it may develop a cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the risk factors for thyroglossal cyst?

A

Rare familial variants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the symptoms of thyroglossal cysts?

A

A swelling/lump in midline of anterior neck
Usually asymptomatic
May be tender or rapidly enlarge due to infection

17
Q

What are the signs of thyroglossal cysts?

A 
Midline, smooth, rounded swelling
Typically found between thyroid notch and hyoid bone
Moves upwards on protrusion of tongue
Moves upwards when swallowing
Can be transilluminated
18
Q

What investigations are done for a thyroglossal cysts?

A

None needed if euthyroid
If cyst is suprahyoid, TFTs should be performed to exclude a lingual thyroid
Ultrasound/MRI

19
Q

What is tonsillitis?

A

Infection/inflammation of the parenchyma of the tonsils leading to inflammation. Can be difficult to distinguish from viral pharyngitis

20
Q

What causes tonsillitis?

A 
Usually viral (e.g. cold or flu)
Can be bacterial (Mainly strep. pyogenes)
21
Q

What are the risk factors for tonsillitis?

A

Immune deficiency

Family history of tonsillitis or atopy

22
Q

What are the symptoms of tonsillitis?

A 
Pain in throat
Painful swallowing
Pain may be referred to ears
Abdominal pain (in small children)
Headache
Loss of voice or changes in voice
23
Q

What are the signs of tonsillitis?

A

Red throat
Swollen tonsils (white flecks of pus)
High temperature
Swollen lymph nodes

24
Q

What are the classical streptococcal features?

A

Acute onset
Headache
Abdominal pain
Dysphagia

25
Q

What can be seen on examination of the tonsils on someone with tonsillitis?

A

Intense erythema of tonsils and pharynx
Yellow exudate
Tender, enlarged anterior cervical glands

26
Q

What are the investigations for tonsillitis?

A

Throat swabs and rapid antigen tests can be performed

Swabs may not be able to distinguish between infection and colonisation

Conditions (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions