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Ear-middle Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Middle ear also known as

A

Tympanum

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2
Q

What are the three parts of middle ear

A

Mesotympanum
Epitympanum
Hypotympanum

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3
Q

What are the three parts of the Tympanum bounded bye

A

Mesotympanum is covered by tympanic membrane
Epitympanum Is covered by bone called scutum
Hypotympanum Is covered by bone

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4
Q

Depth of the three layers of Middle ear

A

Epitympanum - 6 mm
Mesotympanum- 2 mm
Hypotympanum- 4 mm

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5
Q

What is protymoanum

A

Portion of middle ear around tympanic orifice of eustachian tube

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6
Q

Sensory supply of middle ear by

A

Jacobson’s nerve

Tympanic branch of cranial nerve nine

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7
Q

Jacobsons nerve referred otalgia in

A
  1. tonsillectomy
  2. tonsillitis
  3. styalgia
  4. cancer of the base of tongue
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8
Q

Epitympanum aka

A

Attic

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9
Q

Parts of malleus

A 
Head
Lateral process
Neck
Handle
Umbo
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10
Q

Parts of incus

A

Body
Short process
Long process
Lenticular process

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11
Q

Stapes. Parts

A

Head

Footplate

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12
Q

What are the joints in the middle ear

A

Between malleus and incus – saddle joint

Between incus and stapes– ball and socket joint

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13
Q

What is lever ratio

A

M/E =1.3:1

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14
Q

Aerial ratio what is it

A

TM/Footplate = 14:1

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15
Q

What is middle ear transformer ratio

A

18:1

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16
Q

What is the main function of middle ear

A

Impedance matching mechanism

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17
Q

Tensor tympani muscle supplied by

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

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18
Q

Stapedius muscle is supplied by

A

Facial nerve

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19
Q

Boundaries of middle ear

A

Please check your book it’s very important

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20
Q

What are the two bony spicules present in the medial wall of the middle ear

A
  1. Ponticulus - from promontory to pyramid

2. subiculum- separates oval window from round window

21
Q

Sinus tympani

A

Between ponticulus and subiculum

22
Q

Most common residual cholesteatoma after mastoid surgery site

A

Sinus tympani

23
Q

What is processus cochlearformis

A

Second genu landmark- Lateral SCC Bulge

24
Q

What is middle ear cleft

A

It is a collection of all hollow spaces in temporal bone

25
What is antrum
The most constant and largest mastoid air cells
26
What is aditus
Connection between and antrum and middle ear
27
What are the five parts in middle ear cleft
``` ET Middle ear Aditus Antrum Rest of air cells ```
28
What is ASOM
Acute superlative otitis media | Infection of middle ear mucosa by pyogenic organisms (streptococcus pneumonia)
29
Stages of ASOM
``` Stage of tubal occlusion Stage of pre-suppuration Stage of suppuration Stage of resolution Stage of complication ```
30
Characteristic examination finding in ASOM
Cartwheel sign – read TM with dilated capillaries
31
Medications given in ASOM
Antibiotics Decongestant Analgesics
32
Surgical treatment in ASOM
Myringotomy
33
Some characteristics of safe CSOM = Tubotympanic=mucosal
Central perforation that is Margins of Tympanic membrane must be all around the perforation In Pars tensa of Tympanic membrane Ear discharge is mucopurulent CHL
34
Most common ossicle to be eroded in ASOM is
Incus | As it has no muscle therefore least blood supply
35
What is the surgery for safe CSOM
Myringoplasty
36
What graft is used for myringoplasty
Temporalis fascia
37
Why is temporalis fascia used as a graft for myringoplasty
Taken from the same incision There is no problem at donor site It has same BMR as tympanic membrane
38
How should the incision be in children for myringoplasty
In younger children less than two years the mastoid tip is absent Hence incision should be oblique
39
Name of the incision made in myringoplasty
Wilde post aural incision
40
What is underlay technique
The graft is placed below the margins of Tympanic membrane after lifting the tympanomeatal flap
41
What is tympanoplasty
It is the inspection and repair of a secular system in addition to myringoplasty
42
Wullstein classification of tympanoplasty
5 types pls read I beg
43
Austin classification of ossify law erosion
Four types please read | Please
44
Grade 3 in wullstein classification is also known as
Myringostapediopexy or Columella tympanoplasty Tympanic membrane graft is placed in contact with stapes
45
Name an other graft material used for Myringoplasty
Tragal perichondrium
46
Where is the Wilde postaural incision given
1 cm behind retro auricula groove from upper part of pinna to mastoid tip
47
How is the graft placed over the windows. And why
It is placed in such a way that is able to cover the round window and leaves the oval window open This is done to maintain the phase difference between two windows Also called round window shielding
48
What is ORP and types
Ossicular replacement prosthesis | 2 types - partial and total

ENT (34 decks)

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