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ENT > Ear-middle Ear > Flashcards

Ear-middle Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Middle ear also known as

A

Tympanum

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2
Q

What are the three parts of middle ear

A

Mesotympanum
Epitympanum
Hypotympanum

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3
Q

What are the three parts of the Tympanum bounded bye

A

Mesotympanum is covered by tympanic membrane
Epitympanum Is covered by bone called scutum
Hypotympanum Is covered by bone

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4
Q

Depth of the three layers of Middle ear

A

Epitympanum - 6 mm
Mesotympanum- 2 mm
Hypotympanum- 4 mm

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5
Q

What is protymoanum

A

Portion of middle ear around tympanic orifice of eustachian tube

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6
Q

Sensory supply of middle ear by

A

Jacobson’s nerve

Tympanic branch of cranial nerve nine

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7
Q

Jacobsons nerve referred otalgia in

A
  1. tonsillectomy
  2. tonsillitis
  3. styalgia
  4. cancer of the base of tongue
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8
Q

Epitympanum aka

A

Attic

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9
Q

Parts of malleus

A 
Head
Lateral process
Neck
Handle
Umbo
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10
Q

Parts of incus

A

Body
Short process
Long process
Lenticular process

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11
Q

Stapes. Parts

A

Head

Footplate

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12
Q

What are the joints in the middle ear

A

Between malleus and incus – saddle joint

Between incus and stapes– ball and socket joint

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13
Q

What is lever ratio

A

M/E =1.3:1

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14
Q

Aerial ratio what is it

A

TM/Footplate = 14:1

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15
Q

What is middle ear transformer ratio

A

18:1

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16
Q

What is the main function of middle ear

A

Impedance matching mechanism

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17
Q

Tensor tympani muscle supplied by

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

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18
Q

Stapedius muscle is supplied by

A

Facial nerve

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19
Q

Boundaries of middle ear

A

Please check your book it’s very important

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20
Q

What are the two bony spicules present in the medial wall of the middle ear

A
  1. Ponticulus - from promontory to pyramid

2. subiculum- separates oval window from round window

21
Q

Sinus tympani

A

Between ponticulus and subiculum

22
Q

Most common residual cholesteatoma after mastoid surgery site

A

Sinus tympani

23
Q

What is processus cochlearformis

A

Second genu landmark- Lateral SCC Bulge

24
Q

What is middle ear cleft

A

It is a collection of all hollow spaces in temporal bone

25
Q

What is antrum

A

The most constant and largest mastoid air cells

26
Q

What is aditus

A

Connection between and antrum and middle ear

27
Q

What are the five parts in middle ear cleft

A 
ET
Middle ear
Aditus
Antrum
Rest of air cells
28
Q

What is ASOM

A

Acute superlative otitis media

Infection of middle ear mucosa by pyogenic organisms (streptococcus pneumonia)

29
Q

Stages of ASOM

A 
Stage of tubal occlusion
Stage of pre-suppuration
Stage of suppuration
Stage of resolution
Stage of complication
30
Q

Characteristic examination finding in ASOM

A

Cartwheel sign – read TM with dilated capillaries

31
Q

Medications given in ASOM

A

Antibiotics
Decongestant
Analgesics

32
Q

Surgical treatment in ASOM

A

Myringotomy

33
Q

Some characteristics of safe CSOM = Tubotympanic=mucosal

A

Central perforation that is Margins of Tympanic membrane must be all around the perforation
In Pars tensa of Tympanic membrane
Ear discharge is mucopurulent
CHL

34
Q

Most common ossicle to be eroded in ASOM is

A

Incus

As it has no muscle therefore least blood supply

35
Q

What is the surgery for safe CSOM

A

Myringoplasty

36
Q

What graft is used for myringoplasty

A

Temporalis fascia

37
Q

Why is temporalis fascia used as a graft for myringoplasty

A

Taken from the same incision
There is no problem at donor site
It has same BMR as tympanic membrane

38
Q

How should the incision be in children for myringoplasty

A

In younger children less than two years the mastoid tip is absent
Hence incision should be oblique

39
Q

Name of the incision made in myringoplasty

A

Wilde post aural incision

40
Q

What is underlay technique

A

The graft is placed below the margins of Tympanic membrane after lifting the tympanomeatal flap

41
Q

What is tympanoplasty

A

It is the inspection and repair of a secular system in addition to myringoplasty

42
Q

Wullstein classification of tympanoplasty

A

5 types pls read I beg

43
Q

Austin classification of ossify law erosion

A

Four types please read

Please

44
Q

Grade 3 in wullstein classification is also known as

A

Myringostapediopexy or
Columella tympanoplasty
Tympanic membrane graft is placed in contact with stapes

45
Q

Name an other graft material used for Myringoplasty

A

Tragal perichondrium

46
Q

Where is the Wilde postaural incision given

A

1 cm behind retro auricula groove from upper part of pinna to mastoid tip

47
Q

How is the graft placed over the windows. And why

A

It is placed in such a way that is able to cover the round window and leaves the oval window open

This is done to maintain the phase difference between two windows
Also called round window shielding

48
Q

What is ORP and types

A

Ossicular replacement prosthesis

2 types - partial and total

ENT (34 decks)

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