ear infections

Question 1

bacteria in otitis externa

Answer 1

pseudomonas, staph aureus

Question 2

fungus in otitis externa

Answer 2

aspergillus, candida

Question 3

patient presents with pain and itch in ear canal, minimal watery discharge, tragal tenderness, erythema and narrowing of canal - suspect what

Answer 3

otitis externa

Question 4

what is persistent unilateral otitis externa a sign of

Answer 4

malignancy

Question 5

management of mild otitis externa

Answer 5

topical acetic acid

Question 6

management of moderate otitis externa

Answer 6

dexamethasone, neomycin and acetic acid

Question 7

if erythema from otitis externa spreads after atomise what should you give

Answer 7

flucox - oral

Question 8

infection of the middle ear

Answer 8

otitis media

Question 9

what does otitis media usually follow and why

Answer 9

an URTI due to tracking of the Eustachian tube

Question 10

most common cause of otitis media

Answer 10

viral

Question 11

bacterial causes of otitis media

Answer 11

strep pneumonia, h influenzas

Question 12

a child presents with earache, reduced hearing and mucopurulent discharge, they also have a fever, irritability and poor appetite - suspect what

Answer 12

otitis media

Question 13

what is the pain in otitis media caused by

Answer 13

bulging of the tympanic membrane which settles upon rupture

Question 14

on examination a child has a bright red, inflamed tympanic membrane - suspect what

Answer 14

otitis media

Question 15

typical length of illness in otitis media

Answer 15

4 days

Question 16

treatment of otitis media

Answer 16

conservative

Question 17

when are antibiotics given in otitis media

Answer 17

in children under 2, what there is discharge, a bilateral infection and multiple marked symptoms

Question 18

1st line antibiotics in otitis media

Answer 18

amoxicillin

Question 19

second line abx in otitis media

Answer 19

clarithromycine

Question 20

surgical repair of a tympanic membrane is known as

Answer 20

myringoplasty

Question 21

recurrent ear infections defined as

Answer 21

> 3 in 6 months, > 5 in 12 months

Question 22

chronic otitis media can result in

Answer 22

facial nerve palsy, intracranial abscess

Question 23

otalgia, tender mastoid, protruding auricle, continual discharge

Answer 23

mastoiditis

Question 24

management of mastoiditis

Answer 24

IV tazocin +/- removal of mastoid process

Question 25

what is a consequence of tonsillitis

Answer 25

supraglottitis

Question 26

presentation of supraglottitis

Answer 26

drooling, severe dysphagia, new onset stridor

Question 27

management of supraglottitis

Answer 27

ceftriaxone - IV

Question 28

what is involved in the maintenance of equilibrium which is the ease of body orientation and motion

Answer 28

vestibular apparatus

Question 29

otolith organs

Answer 29

article and saccule

Question 30

what is involved in the detection of linear movements of the head, understanding of head orientation and posturing of the head

Answer 30

article and saccule

Question 31

involved in detection of rotational movement of the head and rate of movements

Answer 31

semicircular canals

Question 32

sensation of movement, usually spinning of either self or surrounding in the absence of such movement with associated loss of balance

Answer 32

vertigo

Question 33

vague description that is most commonly used to describe the sensation of light headedness

Answer 33

sissiness

Question 34

what indicates otological disease

Answer 34

vertigo

Question 35

diagnostic of menieres disease

Answer 35

recurrent episodes of unilateral vertigo with unknown cause

Question 36

a patient presents with violent episodes of paroxysmal vertigo that last at least 20 minutes, prostration, nausea and vomiting, tinnitus, fluctuating hearing loss and AURAL FULLNESS, hearing usually returns to normal

Answer 36

meioses

Question 37

lifestyle management of menieres

Answer 37

reduce salt, alcohol, caffeine and stress

Question 38

pharmacological management

Answer 38

beta histine, prochlorperazine, cyclizine, antihistamine

Question 39

acute attack of menieres management

Answer 39

buccal/IM prochlorperazine

Question 40

prevention of menieres

Answer 40

beta histine, rehab exercises

Question 41

surgical management of menieres

Answer 41

grommets, endolymphatic shunt

Question 42

recurrent episodes of vertigo caused by detachment of one otoconia from the article which becomes lodged in the semi circular canals

Answer 42

BPPV

Question 43

a patient presents with recurrent episodes of rotational vertigo which least 30-60 seconds and are initiated by getting up or rolling over in bed or even quick head movements and there is vomiting but no auditory symptoms

Answer 43

BPPV

Question 44

diagnostic test of BPPV

Answer 44

dix hallpike

Question 45

positive dix hall pike shows

Answer 45

rotational nystagmus

Question 46

treatment of BPPV

Answer 46

epley manoeuvre

Question 47

patient gets vertigo only when they extend their neck

Answer 47

vertebasiclar insufficiency

Question 48

investigate vertebrobasilar insufficiency with

Answer 48

CT or MRI

Question 49

inflammation of vestibule -cochlear nerve

Answer 49

vestibular neuronitis

Question 50

inflammation of the labyrinth within the inner ear

Answer 50

labryinthitis

Question 51

pt presents with sustained episode of vertigo that lasts days to week with no hearing problems

Answer 51

vestibular neuronitis

Question 52

patient presents with hearing symptoms and sustained episode of vertigo that lasts days to weeks

Answer 52

labyrinthitis

Question 53

management of vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis

Answer 53

self limiting but cyclone, meclozine and corticosteroids can be of use