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ENT notes > ear infections > Flashcards

ear infections Flashcards

1
Q

bacteria in otitis externa

A

pseudomonas, staph aureus

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2
Q

fungus in otitis externa

A

aspergillus, candida

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3
Q

patient presents with pain and itch in ear canal, minimal watery discharge, tragal tenderness, erythema and narrowing of canal - suspect what

A

otitis externa

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4
Q

what is persistent unilateral otitis externa a sign of

A

malignancy

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5
Q

management of mild otitis externa

A

topical acetic acid

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6
Q

management of moderate otitis externa

A

dexamethasone, neomycin and acetic acid

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7
Q

if erythema from otitis externa spreads after atomise what should you give

A

flucox - oral

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8
Q

infection of the middle ear

A

otitis media

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9
Q

what does otitis media usually follow and why

A

an URTI due to tracking of the Eustachian tube

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10
Q

most common cause of otitis media

A

viral

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11
Q

bacterial causes of otitis media

A

strep pneumonia, h influenzas

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12
Q

a child presents with earache, reduced hearing and mucopurulent discharge, they also have a fever, irritability and poor appetite - suspect what

A

otitis media

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13
Q

what is the pain in otitis media caused by

A

bulging of the tympanic membrane which settles upon rupture

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14
Q

on examination a child has a bright red, inflamed tympanic membrane - suspect what

A

otitis media

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15
Q

typical length of illness in otitis media

A

4 days

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16
Q

treatment of otitis media

A

conservative

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17
Q

when are antibiotics given in otitis media

A

in children under 2, what there is discharge, a bilateral infection and multiple marked symptoms

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18
Q

1st line antibiotics in otitis media

A

amoxicillin

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19
Q

second line abx in otitis media

A

clarithromycine

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20
Q

surgical repair of a tympanic membrane is known as

A

myringoplasty

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21
Q

recurrent ear infections defined as

A

> 3 in 6 months, > 5 in 12 months

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22
Q

chronic otitis media can result in

A

facial nerve palsy, intracranial abscess

23
Q

otalgia, tender mastoid, protruding auricle, continual discharge

A

mastoiditis

24
Q

management of mastoiditis

A

IV tazocin +/- removal of mastoid process

25
Q

what is a consequence of tonsillitis

A

supraglottitis

26
Q

presentation of supraglottitis

A

drooling, severe dysphagia, new onset stridor

27
Q

management of supraglottitis

A

ceftriaxone - IV

28
Q

what is involved in the maintenance of equilibrium which is the ease of body orientation and motion

A

vestibular apparatus

29
Q

otolith organs

A

article and saccule

30
Q

what is involved in the detection of linear movements of the head, understanding of head orientation and posturing of the head

A

article and saccule

31
Q

involved in detection of rotational movement of the head and rate of movements

A

semicircular canals

32
Q

sensation of movement, usually spinning of either self or surrounding in the absence of such movement with associated loss of balance

A

vertigo

33
Q

vague description that is most commonly used to describe the sensation of light headedness

A

sissiness

34
Q

what indicates otological disease

A

vertigo

35
Q

diagnostic of menieres disease

A

recurrent episodes of unilateral vertigo with unknown cause

36
Q

a patient presents with violent episodes of paroxysmal vertigo that last at least 20 minutes, prostration, nausea and vomiting, tinnitus, fluctuating hearing loss and AURAL FULLNESS, hearing usually returns to normal

A

meioses

37
Q

lifestyle management of menieres

A

reduce salt, alcohol, caffeine and stress

38
Q

pharmacological management

A

beta histine, prochlorperazine, cyclizine, antihistamine

39
Q

acute attack of menieres management

A

buccal/IM prochlorperazine

40
Q

prevention of menieres

A

beta histine, rehab exercises

41
Q

surgical management of menieres

A

grommets, endolymphatic shunt

42
Q

recurrent episodes of vertigo caused by detachment of one otoconia from the article which becomes lodged in the semi circular canals

A

BPPV

43
Q

a patient presents with recurrent episodes of rotational vertigo which least 30-60 seconds and are initiated by getting up or rolling over in bed or even quick head movements and there is vomiting but no auditory symptoms

A

BPPV

44
Q

diagnostic test of BPPV

A

dix hallpike

45
Q

positive dix hall pike shows

A

rotational nystagmus

46
Q

treatment of BPPV

A

epley manoeuvre

47
Q

patient gets vertigo only when they extend their neck

A

vertebasiclar insufficiency

48
Q

investigate vertebrobasilar insufficiency with

A

CT or MRI

49
Q

inflammation of vestibule -cochlear nerve

A

vestibular neuronitis

50
Q

inflammation of the labyrinth within the inner ear

A

labryinthitis

51
Q

pt presents with sustained episode of vertigo that lasts days to week with no hearing problems

A

vestibular neuronitis

52
Q

patient presents with hearing symptoms and sustained episode of vertigo that lasts days to weeks

A

labyrinthitis

53
Q

management of vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis

A

self limiting but cyclone, meclozine and corticosteroids can be of use

ENT notes (3 decks)

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