Ear, Eye Flashcards
D/Ds for triad: sensorineural hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus
Meniere disease: recurrent vertigo
acoustic neuroma (CN VIII schwannoma): persistent and progressive rather than episodic
Pearly mass behind tympanic membrane
cholestetoma
bluish black gelatinous mass behind tympanic membrane
cholesterol granuloma after hemorrhage
weakest bone in orbit
medial and inferior
Astigmatism
Abnormal curvature of cornea →different refractive power at different axes
Untreated strabismus leads to ______
unilateral visual cortex suppression to avoid diplopia → amblyopia (↓ visual acuity)
Aqueous humor Produced by ______
nonpigmented epithelium on ciliary body
↑IOP leads to death of ____ cells
ganglion
Closed- or narrow angle glaucoma
Primary:
secondary:
Primary—enlargement or anterior movement of lens against central iris (pupil margin}
Secondary—hypoxia from retinal disease (eg, diabetes mellitus, vein occlusion) induces vasoproliferation in iris that contracts angle
Acute angle closure glaucoma presentation:
Very painful, red eye , sudden vision loss, halos around lights, frontal headache, fixed and mid-dilated pupil, nausea and vomiting
Anterior segment:
Anterior chamber + posterior chamber
Posterior segment:
Vitreous chamber
hypopyon (accumulation of pus in ______ )
seen in ____
anterior chamber
uveitis
Most common cause of blindness in people >50 in US is _____
Age-related macular degeneration
Age-related macular degeneration causes _______ and eventual loss of ______
distortion (metamorphopsia)
central vision (scotomas)
Fundoscopic findings in wet AMD:
Greyish green subretinal discoloration with adjacent fluid/hemorrhage
Retinal vein occlusion
Blockage of central or branch retinal vein due to ______
appearance ____
compression from nearby arterial atherosclerosis.
“blood and thunder appearance”
Retinal detachment : Visualized on fundoscopy as _____
crinkling of retinal tissue and changes in vessel direction.
Retinitis pigmentosa deposits are ——– shaped
Bone spicule-shaped deposits
Papilledema is the swelling of _______
mechanism:
Optic disc
build up of pressure compresses optic nerve externally → impaired exoplasmic flow within optic nerve → bilateral optic disc edema (papilledema)
Leukocoria: Important causes in children include _____
retinoblastoma, congenital cataract, toxocariasis.
Painful horner syndrome
3rd neuron: carotid dissection (painful)
Only cranial nerve that decussate before innervating its target
CN IV
Pupil is higher in the affected eye
CN IV damage
Affected eye is displaced medially in primary position of gaze
CN VI damage
Hypertropia and extortion seen in
CN IV damage
Binasal hemianopia caused by
calcified carotid arteries,
congenital hydrocephalus,
bilateral atherosclerosis or aneurysms of the internal carotid arteries
In INO _______ eye displays nystagmus
Abducting
(CN VI overfires to stimulate CN III)
Directional term (eg, right INO, left INO) refers to the eye that is unable to ______
adduct.
Anti-histamine side effects on eye:
- loss of accomodation (muscarinic receptors on ciliary muscles
- Pupillary sphincter → pupillary dilation
