CNS pathology

Question 1

Formation of new memory

Answer 1

hippocampus

Question 2

An atypical variant of alzheimer’s disease with prominent visual symptoms

Answer 2

Disproportionate atrophy of parietal and occipital cortices is seen in posterior cortical atrophy

Question 3

Getting lost in one’s own neighbourhood is is _____ impairment

Answer 3

Visuospacial

Question 4

Frontotemporal dementia histology

Answer 4

Inclusions of hyperphosphorylated tau (round Pick bodies or ubiquitinated TDP-43.

Question 5

Hirano bodies

Answer 5

—intracellular eosinophilic proteinaceous rods in hippocampus.
Alzheimer disease

Question 6

CAG repeats. means

Answer 6

Caudate loses ACh and GABA.

Question 7

Kuru plaques

stain?
disease?

Answer 7

Extracellular accumulations stain positive for PAS and Congo red
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Question 8

Uniform gray matter vacuoles are seen in?

Answer 8

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Question 9

Vascular dementia autopsy

Acute vs Chronic

Answer 9

Liquifactive necrosis (Acute)

Glial scarring (Chronic)

Question 10

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension→ diplopia (usually from ______ ),

Answer 10

CN VI palsy

Question 11

Daily headache with transient visual disturbances bilaterally

Answer 11

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Question 12

Pseudodementia

Answer 12

dementia due to depression

Question 13

Risk factors for MS

Answer 13

HLA DR B1
Low vit D
Smoking

Question 14

MS
Labs
gross

Answer 14

↑ IgG level and myelin basic protein in CSF. Oligoclonal bands are diagnostic. MRI is gold standard.

Grossly: Pink patches in white matter tracts

Question 15

MS: Stop relapses and halt/slow progression with disease-modifying therapies

Answer 15

(eg, β-interferon, glatiramer, natalizumab).

Question 16

MS: Treat acute flares with _____

Answer 16

IV steroids

Question 17

CN___ is involved in Pseudobulbar palsy but not bulbar palsy. so ____ reflex is normal in bulbar palsy

Answer 17

CN V

Jaw jerk reflex

Question 18

Pseudobulbar palsy is a ____ lesion and blulbar palsy is a ____ lesion

Answer 18

PBP: UMN

BP: LMN

Question 19

GBS treatment:

______ has no role in GBS

Answer 19

plasmapheresis or IVimmunoglobulins.

No role for steroids.

Question 20

GBS histology

Answer 20

► Segmental demyelination

► Endoneurium inflammatory infilterate

Question 21

D/Ds of GBS

Answer 21

Beriberi
Tick paralysis
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis

Question 22

Multifocal inflammation and demyelination after infection or vaccination. after a time period of _____

Answer 22

Acute disseminated (postinfectious) encephalomyelitis

1 month (26 days)

Question 23

Acute disseminated (postinfectious) encephalomyelitis different from MS?

Answer 23

Perivenous infiltration- SLEEVES of lymphocytes, neutrophils around veins, in contrast to MS where there are plaques

Question 24

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Also called _______
Mode of inheritance is _____

Answer 24

hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy.

Autosomal dominant

Question 25

Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy: Most common type, _____ , is caused by _______

Answer 25

CMT1A

PMP22 gene duplication.

Question 26

PML predominantly involves.

diagnosis made by:

Answer 26

parietal and occipital areas
Dx: JC virus DNA in CSF or brain biopsy
intranuclear inclusions within oligodendrocytes and large, bizarre astrocytes

Question 27

Osmotic demyelination syndrome
Also called ________
Brain cells excrete osmolytes_____

Answer 27

central pontine myelinolysis

organis substances (glutamate, myoinositol)

Question 28

Osmotic demyelination syndrome → pons cells are particularly affected because

Answer 28

pons cells are less metabolically active and less able to rapidly regenerate organic solutes