CNS pathology Flashcards
Formation of new memory
hippocampus
An atypical variant of alzheimer’s disease with prominent visual symptoms
Disproportionate atrophy of parietal and occipital cortices is seen in posterior cortical atrophy
Getting lost in one’s own neighbourhood is is _____ impairment
Visuospacial
Frontotemporal dementia histology
Inclusions of hyperphosphorylated tau (round Pick bodies or ubiquitinated TDP-43.
Hirano bodies
—intracellular eosinophilic proteinaceous rods in hippocampus.
Alzheimer disease
CAG repeats. means
Caudate loses ACh and GABA.
Kuru plaques
stain?
disease?
Extracellular accumulations stain positive for PAS and Congo red
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Uniform gray matter vacuoles are seen in?
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Vascular dementia autopsy
Acute vs Chronic
Liquifactive necrosis (Acute)
Glial scarring (Chronic)
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension→ diplopia (usually from ______ ),
CN VI palsy
Daily headache with transient visual disturbances bilaterally
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Pseudodementia
dementia due to depression
Risk factors for MS
HLA DR B1
Low vit D
Smoking
MS
Labs
gross
↑ IgG level and myelin basic protein in CSF. Oligoclonal bands are diagnostic. MRI is gold standard.
Grossly: Pink patches in white matter tracts
MS: Stop relapses and halt/slow progression with disease-modifying therapies
(eg, β-interferon, glatiramer, natalizumab).
MS: Treat acute flares with _____
IV steroids
CN___ is involved in Pseudobulbar palsy but not bulbar palsy. so ____ reflex is normal in bulbar palsy
CN V
Jaw jerk reflex
Pseudobulbar palsy is a ____ lesion and blulbar palsy is a ____ lesion
PBP: UMN
BP: LMN
GBS treatment:
______ has no role in GBS
plasmapheresis or IVimmunoglobulins.
No role for steroids.
GBS histology
► Segmental demyelination
► Endoneurium inflammatory infilterate
D/Ds of GBS
Beriberi
Tick paralysis
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis
Multifocal inflammation and demyelination after infection or vaccination. after a time period of _____
Acute disseminated (postinfectious) encephalomyelitis
1 month (26 days)
Acute disseminated (postinfectious) encephalomyelitis different from MS?
Perivenous infiltration- SLEEVES of lymphocytes, neutrophils around veins, in contrast to MS where there are plaques
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Also called _______
Mode of inheritance is _____
hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy.
Autosomal dominant
Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy: Most common type, _____ , is caused by _______
CMT1A
PMP22 gene duplication.
PML predominantly involves.
diagnosis made by:
parietal and occipital areas
Dx: JC virus DNA in CSF or brain biopsy
intranuclear inclusions within oligodendrocytes and large, bizarre astrocytes
Osmotic demyelination syndrome
Also called ________
Brain cells excrete osmolytes_____
central pontine myelinolysis
organis substances (glutamate, myoinositol)
Osmotic demyelination syndrome → pons cells are particularly affected because
pons cells are less metabolically active and less able to rapidly regenerate organic solutes
