Ear disease Flashcards
history taking points in Ear disease:
Hearing Loss Tinnitus Vertigo Otalgia Ear Discharge Facial Weakness Previous Ear Surgery Nasal symptoms Family History Specific paediatric history
what are the three types of hearing loss?
conductive
sensorineural
mixed
ear pain can be?
may be referred or local causes
facial weakness can be?
upper motor neurone or lower motor neurons lesions
what are the signs of ear disease?
Abnormalities of ear canal Discharge Swelling Bleeding Masses External scars Changes in ear drum Swelling over mastoid Facial Weakness Hearing Loss
what is otitis externa?
inflammation of the skin of the ear canal.
Almost always infective
may be bacterial or fungal
what are common causes of otitis externa?
water cotton buds, skin conditions
acute otitis media:
more common in children
associated with glue ear
commonly associated with URTIs
chronic otitis media:
includes: otitis media with effusion (glue ear)
cholesteatoma
perforation
otitis media with effusion:
more common in children
associated with Eustachian tube dysfunction or obstruction
in adults with otitis media with effusion consider causes such as:
rhino sinusitis
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
nasopharyngeal lymphoma
what is seen in the tympanogram of those with otitis media with effusion?
CHL with flat tympanogram
in children hearing loss may present differently to adults
perforation:
commonly due to AOM
may also occur after trauma
usually heals spontaneously
cholesteatoma:
presence of keratin within middle ear
erodes surrounding bone
what does cholesteatoma cause?
hearing loss, discharge, complications
what is the treatment of cholesteatoma?
generally requires surgical excision and reconstruction
who gets cholesteatoma?
most commonly acquired
rarely congenital
what are the medial complications of AOM and cholesteatoma?
SNHL /Tinnitus / Vertigo / Facial Palsy
what are the superior complications of AOM and cholsteatoma?
brain abscess/meningitis
what are the posterior complications of AOM and cholesteatoma?
venous sinus thrombosis
what is otosclerosis?
gradual onset conductive hearing loss due to fixation of stapes footplate
who gets otosclerosis?
it is more common in women
progresses more rapidly during pregnancy
familial
what is the treatment of otosclerosis?
correction by stapedectomy
conditions that cause sensorineural hearing loss?
presbycussis noise induced hearing loss drug induced hearing loss vestibular schwannoma Menderes
