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ENT > Ear Disease > Flashcards

Ear Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main types of hearing loss?

A

Conductive
Sensorineural
Mixed

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2
Q

What is otalgia?

A

Pain in the ear

not always from ear structures, can be referred pain

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3
Q

Why may facial weakness be a sign of ear disease?

A

CN VII runs through middle ear/ tympanic membrane

chorda tympani

CN VII supplies muscles of facial expression

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4
Q

What are the main signs of ear disease?

A
  • abnormalities of ear canal/ drum
  • discharge/bleeding
  • swelling/masses
  • mastoid swelling
  • facial weakness
  • hearing loss
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5
Q

What is otitis externa

A
  • Inflammation of ear canal skin

- Almost always infective (bacterial or fungal)

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6
Q

What are the most common causes of otitis externa?

A

water
cotton buds
skin conditions

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7
Q

Otitis media is more common in adults than children. TRUE/FALSE?

A

FALSE

More common in children

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8
Q

What other common children’s conditions are associated with otitis media?

A

Associated with glue ear

and after URTIs

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9
Q

Describe what is meant by “glue ear”?

A

Otitis media with effusion

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10
Q

Chronic otitis media is associated with what other conditions?

A

Otitis media with effusion (Glue Ear)
Cholesteatoma
Perforation

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11
Q

If the ear drum perforates in otitis media, it can heal without any serious problems. TRUE/FALSE?

A

TRUE

pressure down, pus out, pain released

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12
Q

What is the most likely cause of glue ear in children?

A

Dysfunctional eustachian tube OR obstruction

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13
Q

Describe how the “glue” forms in glue ear?

A
  • Eustachian tube should open when we yawn etc
  • Children usually have large adenoids which cause dysfunction
  • air is absorbed in middle ear causing low pressure
  • Effusion thickens and becomes glue substance
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14
Q

What is used to remove glue ear?

A

Grommets

perforation made in ear drum and grommet left in for around a year

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15
Q

What can cause glue ear in adults if their eustachian tube was previously functioning?

A

Rhinosinusitis
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Nasopharyngeal Lymphoma
swelling/mass blocking eustachian tube

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16
Q

What type of hearing loss is found in glue ear?

A

Conductive hearing loss with flat tympanogram

17
Q

How can hearing loss present in children?

A

Recurrent otitis media
Speech and Language delay
Poor Behaviour

18
Q

What usually causes perforation?

A

Acute otitis media

Post trauma

19
Q

What is a cholesteatoma?

A

Keratin build up in a pocket of ear drum

Can erode into bones of ear canal

20
Q

What symptoms are present in cholesteatoma?

A

Hearing loss

Discharge

21
Q

What parts of the tympanic membrane are susceptible to cholesteatoma?

A

Pars flaccida

Pars tensa

22
Q

What are the complications of cholesteatoma if it invades medially?

A
  • Sensorineural hearing loss, Tinnitus, Vertigo, Facial palsy
23
Q

What are the complications of cholesteatoma if it invades superiorly?

A
  • brain abscess, meningitis
24
Q

What are the complications of cholesteatoma if it invades posteriorly?

A
  • venous sinus thrombosis
25
Q

What can a mastoiditis swelling behind the ear cause?

A

One ear pushed further forward than other

26
Q

What does a signet ring on CT head show?

A

Lateral semicircular canal

27
Q

What type of hearing loss is seen in otosclerosis?

A

Gradual onset conductive hearing loss

28
Q

Otosclerosis is more common in women. TRUE/FALSE?

A

TRUE

Also progresses more rapidly during pregnancy

29
Q

Does otosclerosis have a familial genetic component?

A

Yes, but it can skip generations

30
Q

What is otosclerosis and how can it be treated?

A

Fixation of stapes footplate

Corrected via stapedectomy

31
Q

What is presbycusis more commonly known as?

A

Age-related hearing loss

32
Q

What frequencies are lost as we age?

A

Higher frequencies lost

33
Q

Noise induced hearing loss causes a classical dip in hearing at what frequency?

A

4kHz

34
Q

Do employers have legal responsibility to provide hearing protection at work if noise induced hearing loss could occur in the occupation?

A

Yes

Should either provide protection or regular auditory check ups

35
Q

What drugs are known to cause sensorineural hearing loss?

A
  • Gentamicin and other aminoglycosides
  • Chemo - Cisplatin, Vincristine
  • Aspirin and NSAIDs (in overdose)
36
Q

Where does a vestibular schwannoma arise and how is it visualised on imaging?

A
  • Benign tumour in Internal Acoustic Meatus

- Diagnosis on MRI scan

37
Q

How do vestibular schwannomas present?

A

Hearing loss, tinnitus and imbalance

38
Q

What is haemotympanum?

A

Blood behind the ear drum (usually due to a base of skull fracture)

39
Q

What is Battle’s sign?

A
  • Bruising over mastoid caused by base of skull fracture

ENT (16 decks)

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