Ear disease Flashcards
What are the three types of hearing loss?
Conductive
Sensorineural
Mixed
What are the three main abnormalities seen in the ear canal?
Discharge
Swelling
Bleeding
What are the common symptoms seen in masses of the ear?
Changes in eardrum
Swelling over mastoid
Facial weakness
Hearing loss
What is otitis externa?
Inflammation of the skin of the ear canal
What commonly causes otitis externa?
Water
Cotton buds
Skin conditions
What two things is acute otitis media associated with?
Glue ear
Upper respiratory tract infections
What is otitis media with effusion / glue ear / serous otitis media?
Middle ear inflammation accompanied by accumulation of fluid without the signs and symptoms of acute inflammation
How does otitis media with effusion commonly present?
Conductive hearing loss with a flat tympanogram
What is cholesteatoma?
Growth consisting of keratinizing squamous epithelium in the middle ear and/or mastoid process
What are some common medial complications of acute otitis media and cholesteatoma?
Sensorineural hearing loss
Tinnitus
Vertigo
Facial palsy
What is the main lateral complication of acute otitis media / cholesteatoma?
Subperiosteal abscess
What are two possible complications of acute otitis media / cholesteatoma?
Brain abscess
Meningitis
What is the main posterior complication of acute otitis media / cholesteatoma?
Venous sinus thrombosis
What is otosclerosis?
Gradual onset conductive hearing loss
How is otosclerosis corrected?
Stapedectomy
What are some well known causes of sensorineural hearing loss?
Presbycusis
Noise-induced hearing loss
Drug-induced hearing loss
Vestibular schwannoma
Meniere’s
Trauma
What is the common presentation of a skull fracture?
Hearing loss (any type)
Facial palsy
CSF leak
What should be given for an external fungal ear infection?
Clotrimazole ear drops
What is acute otitis media?
Inflammation of the middle ear accompanied by the signs and symptoms of acute inflammation with / without an accumulation of fluid
Which ear disease most commonly causes earache, fever and irritability?
Acute otitis media
What are the signs of OME?
TM retraction
Reduced TM mobility
Altered TM colour
Visible fluid / bubbles
When would a case of OME require treatment?
Persistent for > 3 months with:
Deafness
Speech issues
Balance issues
When would a referral be put in place for OME?
Persistent bilateral OME
CHL < 25dB
Speech / language problems
What is the surgical management for children under 3 years with persistent OME?
Grommets
