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Anatomy ear > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

The ear is what type of organ?

A

vestibulocochlear organs

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2
Q

what are two main functions of the ear?

A
  1. hearing

2. equilibration

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3
Q

Equilibration function of the ear comprises of what 3 aspects?

A
  1. balance
  2. sense of position
  3. sense of acceleration or deceleration
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4
Q

what are 3 portions of the ear?

A
  1. external ear
  2. middle ear
  3. inner ear
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5
Q

what does the external ear consist of? (3 parts)

A
  1. auricle
  2. external acoustic meatus
  3. canal
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6
Q

where does the external ear end?

A

tympanic membrane or eardrum

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7
Q

what are auricles?

A

cartilaginous skeleton

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8
Q

what are other names of external acoustic meatus?

A

external auditory meatus or canal

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9
Q

what does external acoustic meatus has? (2 parts)

A
  1. external cartilaginous part

2. inner bony part

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10
Q

what are the helix of the auricles?

A

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiR863Z9MrTAhWEk5QKHc5-A7YQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ghorayeb.com%2Fanatomyauricle.html&psig=AFQjCNE8HYgwYKmp5RWAwHpEzlLmKqng4w&ust=1493598047278094

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11
Q

what are the tragus?

A

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiR863Z9MrTAhWEk5QKHc5-A7YQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ghorayeb.com%2Fanatomyauricle.html&psig=AFQjCNE8HYgwYKmp5RWAwHpEzlLmKqng4w&ust=1493598047278094

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12
Q

how is the cartilaginous part of the external meatus angled?

A
  1. angled downwards
  2. sightly curved
  3. concave forwards
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13
Q

what to do with the auricle when examining the tympanic membrane?

A

gently pull the auricle upwards and backwards

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14
Q

what are the external meatus lined by?

A

skin continuous with the auricle

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15
Q

what are in cartilaginous part of the external acoustic meatus?

A
  1. hair follicles

2. sebaceous glands(along with other glands called ceruminous glands)

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16
Q

what are sensory innervation of the external meatus?

A
  1. auriculo-temporal nerve from the trigeminal ,cranial nerve V) 耳廓神经
  2. cervical nerve plexus颈神经丛
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17
Q

what are sensory innervation of a large part of the auricle?

A
  1. auriculo-temporal nerve from the trigeminal ,cranial nerve V) 耳廓神经
  2. cervical nerve plexus颈神经丛
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18
Q

what are also believed to sensory supply part of the lining of the canal?

A

vagus

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19
Q

irritation of part of the canal lining cause?

A

nausea, bradycardia, coughing, and other unpleasant systemic effects

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20
Q

what are middle ear also called?

A

tympanic cavity

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21
Q

what are in tympanic cavity?

A

air space with three tiny bones( auditory ossicles)

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22
Q

where are auditory ossicles located?

A

middle ear/tympanic cavity

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23
Q

what are functions of ossicles?

A

conduct sound from the tympanic membranes to the inner ear

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24
Q

what does tympanic membrane( 1cm in diameter) separate?

A

separates the external meatus from the tympanic cavity

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25
Q

what are different coverings of the 2 layers of the tympanic membranes?

A
  1. outer surface: epidermis

2. inner membrane: mucous membrane

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26
Q

what is layer between 2 epithelial tympanic membranes?

A

a thin fibrous layer

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27
Q

how is the tympanic membrane when seen from the outer aspect?

A

fairly tense and concave

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28
Q

what is a flaccid or floppy part superior to tympanic membrane called?

A

handle of the malleus (forming a slightly raised ridge)

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29
Q

what are functions of the tympanic cavity?

A

conduct sound from the tympanic membrane to the tiny membrane that interfaces with the inner ear

30
Q

where does the tympanic cavity situated?

A

within the temporal bone

31
Q

posterior tympanic cavity communicates with?

A

mastoid air cells 乳突细胞
mastoid antrum via aditus(opening)
http://chestofbooks.com/health/anatomy/Human-Body-Construction/images/Fig-103-Right-temporal-bone-The-outer-surface-has-bee.jpg

32
Q

anteriorly tympanic cavity communicates with?

A

nasopharynx via auditory tube

https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/imgs/512/377/1876255/PMC1876255_431_2007_461_Fig4_HTML.png

33
Q

what are auditory tubes also called?

A

pharyngo-tympanic tube

Eustachian tube

34
Q

auditory tube is divided into two canals?

A
  1. one for air

2. one containing muscle: tensor tympani

35
Q

what muscle help dampens loud sounds in the middle ear?

A
  1. tensor tympani (attach to the handle of the malleus)张力鼓掌（附在锤骨的柄上）
  2. stapedius( dampen the movement of the stapes)
36
Q

what supply tensor tympani?

A

trigeminal nerve(V)

37
Q

what supply stapedius?

A

facial nerve(VII)

38
Q

What is the promontory?

A

medial wall of tympanic cavity formed a bulge

39
Q

what lies upon the promontory?

A

tympanic nerve plexus 鼓神经丛

40
Q

where is oval window situated?

A

upper part of the media wall of tympanic membrane

41
Q

what is oval window also called?

A

fenestra vestibuli
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwiz0bi9hsvTAhXHKZQKHVBSA1IQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keywordsuggests.com%2Finternal-ear-oval-window-and-round-window%2F&psig=AFQjCNGsFrNdyqZAyPY0DocDrSB_-lJyzw&ust=1493602880193151

42
Q

what are on either side of the oval window?

A
  1. base of the stapes

2, fluid of the vestivule of the inner ear

43
Q

what are corresponding membrane of oval window that can vibrate in the opposite phase?

A

round window (fenestra cochleae )

44
Q

what is round window also called?

A

fenestra cochleae

45
Q

where is round window situated?

A

on the medial wall of the tympanic cavity below the oval window

46
Q

what are vibrations of oval window and round window?

A

when oval window vibrates inwards, the round window vibrates outwards

47
Q

what is the roof of the tympanic cavity called?

A

tegmen tympani

48
Q

what does tegmen tympani separate?

A

separates cavity from the middle cranial fossa
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwjW1-zgiMvTAhXCFJQKHQbYAvAQjRwIBw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fquizlet.com%2F21048470%2Ftest&psig=AFQjCNFPzxsyVYFYyE8wEqOaaEk2gN22og&ust=1493603484217044

49
Q

the tympanic cavity floor is directly above ?

A

jugular foramen and jugular bulb

anteriorly: carotid canal
https: //www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwiK0a6kicvTAhUBLpQKHQ9HCF0QjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fclinicalgate.com%2Fglomus-tumors%2F&psig=AFQjCNGNrVIZ-c-c5Ky3RVtuyLIF31RTfA&ust=1493603632744109

50
Q

what opening in anterior wall of the tympanic cavity?

A
  1. opening of the auditory tube

2. carotid canal (lower part of anterior wall)

51
Q

what main structure in the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity?

A

facial canal

52
Q

what does the facial canal do?

A

transmit the facial nerve just above aditus into the mastoid antrum

53
Q

what are two branches of the facial nerve?

emerge from the facial canal and enter the tympanic cavity

A
  1. upper most nerve to stapedius muscle

2, chorda tympani (sensory of anterior 2/3 of tongue)

54
Q

what are three ossicles to transmit the vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window?

A
  1. malleus (the hammer)
  2. incus (the anvil)
  3. stapes (the strirrup)
55
Q

acoustic connections of the chain of three ossicles?

A
  1. handle of the malleus ( connects to tympanic membrane)

2. footplate/base of stapes (connects to oval window) acts as a “tilting plunger”

56
Q

what are inner ear also called?

A

vestibulocochlear apparatus

57
Q

where does inner ear lies?

A

petrous part of the temporal bone

58
Q

where is membranous labyrinth?

A

lodged within bony labyrinth (similar arrangement )

59
Q

are ducts of the membraneous labyrinth all continuous with each other?

A

yes

60
Q

what are relationship of endolymph and perilymph?

A

perilymph surrounded by endolymph

61
Q

where is perilymph?

A

between the ducts and the walls of the bony labyrinth

62
Q

what is essential organ of hearing?

A

cochlea

63
Q

what are other portions of the inner ear other than the cochlea?

A

saccule, utricle and the semicircular ducts

64
Q

cochlea VS bony labyrinth?

A

cochlear is part of the bony labyrinth

65
Q

cochlear duct VS membranous labyrinth?

A

bony labyrinth contains the cochlear duct, a part of the membranous labyrinth

66
Q

describe cochlea?

A

helical tube
around 2.5 turns
base lying against lateral end of internal acoustic meatus

67
Q

the bulge of basal coil of the internal acoustic meatus form?

A

promontory

68
Q

what is the modiolus of the cochlea?

A

central supporting core

69
Q

what is spiral lamina?

A

a spiral shelf course up towards the apex around the modiolus

70
Q

what are utricle and saccule?

A

bony labyrinth contains the utricle and the saccule of the membranous labyrinth

71
Q

semicircular canals VS bony labyrinth

A

semicircular canals are part of the bony labyrinth

72
Q

what are arrangement of three semicircular canals?

A

at right angles to each other

sensitive to movement of fluid and particles

Anatomy ear (2 decks)

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