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Anatomy ear > Anatomy of skull > Flashcards

Anatomy of skull Flashcards

1
Q

what is cranial skeleton?

A

“brain box” or cranial vault 窟窿

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2
Q

what is facial skeleton?

A

bones that make up everything except the cranial cavity ( include the mandible)

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3
Q

what are single bones?

A

occupy or cross the midline

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4
Q

what are paired bones?

A

tend towards being more lateral

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5
Q

what does the cranial bones consist of?

A

external and internal tables of compact bone, and diploe

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6
Q

what is diploe?

A

a middle spongy layer, sandwiched between external and internal tables of compact bone

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7
Q

what is the skull covered by /lined by?

A

periosteum

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8
Q

what is the outer covering layer of the skull called?

A

pericranium 脑髓

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9
Q

what is the inner layer covering layer of the skull called?

A

endocranium

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10
Q

what are the bones that bound the cranial cavity?

A
  1. Frontal (single)
  2. ethmoid (single)
  3. sphenoid( single)
    4, occipital (single)
    5, temporal (paired)
  4. parietal (paired)
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11
Q

what are immovable joints between most of the bones of the skull called?

A

sutures

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12
Q

what are the differences of sutures in young adults and the newborn?

A

sutures in young adults: irregular lines in the skulls

in the newborn: wide open( where the parietal bones meet the frontal and occipital)

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13
Q

what is frontanelles anterior and posterior)

A

the gaps between parietal bones and the frontal bones and the occipital bones behind 囟门
the intersection at each end of the saggitatal sutures

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14
Q

how does sutures change with age?

A

closure of the sutures occurs with increasing age

many fuse completely by synostosis

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15
Q

what is synostosis?

A

frontanelles become continuous bone

骨性联接

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16
Q

what is the shape of fontanelles in an infant?

A

diamond shaped

due to the fact that there are two frontal bones

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17
Q

what is the metopic suture?

A

persistent partial or complete frontal suture

额骨缝

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18
Q

what are sutural bones?

A

circumscribed bony areas

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19
Q

what are lower margins of orbits and upper margins of external acoustic meatuses in the same horizontal plane called?

A

orbitomeatal plane

听眶面

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20
Q

how is the base of the cranial cavity sloping?

A

sloping from the above at the front, downwards towards the back

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21
Q

what is the shape of the skull?

A

ovoid

wider posteriorly than in front

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22
Q

what are the sutures running between the parietal bones called?

A

the sagittal suture

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23
Q

what are the sutures running between the frontal bone and the two parietal bones?

A

coronal suture

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24
Q

what are the sutures between the parietal bones and the occipital bone?

A

lambdoid suture

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25
Q

where is mastoid processes of the temporal bones?

A

乳突

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26
Q

what is the external occipital protuberance?

A

the bulge about halfway up the posterior aspect of the occipital bone
枕外隆突

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27
Q

what is the superior nuchal line?

A

arch laterally from the occipital protuberance
mark the upper limit of the neck as a region
attachment of the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius （斜方肌）muscles
上颈线

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28
Q

what is squamous temporal?

A

the flattish part of the temporal bone

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29
Q

what is zygomatic process of the temporal bone

A

projects forward to meet the zygomatic bone of the cheek

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30
Q

what form the zygomatic arch?

A

zygomatic process of the temporal

articular surface at the root: head of the mandible

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31
Q

what is mandibular fossa?

A

articular surface at the root of zygomatic arch with mandible

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32
Q

what is greater wing of the sphenoid bone?

A

just beneath where the frontal , parietal and squamous temporal bones all come together
sits just behind the orbit
one part of the sphenoid bone

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33
Q

what is role of tubercle of the root of the zygoma?

A

integrity and stability of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

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34
Q

What are anterior and inferior wall of the external acoustic meatus formed?

A

tympanic part/tympanic plate of the temporal bone

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35
Q

what does the mastoid part of the temporal bone have?

A

numerous air cells that communicate with the middle ear by mastoid antrum

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36
Q

what are several parts of temporal bone?

A

squamous
mastoid
styloid
tympanic

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37
Q

where is lesser wing , body and Pterygoid processes of sphenoid?

A

蝶骨突

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38
Q

what is the top part of skull called?

A

calvaria 颅盖

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39
Q

what is the petrous temporal?

A

solid-looking pyramidal-shaped projection of the temporal bone
most posterior part of the middle cranial fossa
chunky-looking part of the temporal bone

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40
Q

what lobes does the anterior cranial fossa contain?

A

frontal lobes of the cerebral hemispheres

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41
Q

what is the floor of anterior cranial fossa composed of?

A
  1. ethmoid (situated in the midline)
  2. frontal
  3. spheoid
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42
Q

what is the crista galli of the ethmoid?

A

small crest projecting upwards

on either side

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43
Q

what is cribriform plates of the ethmoid?

A

perforated
olfactory nerves (CN1) pass through
on either side of the crista galli

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44
Q

where is orbital plates of the frontal bone?

A

on either side of the ethmoid
form the roof of each orbit
in front of lesser wings of the sphenoid
sphenoidal air sinus between them

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45
Q

what is the middle cranial fossa formed?

A

by the body of the sphnoid

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46
Q

what is the saddle shaped recess called?

A

sella turcica

has four projections

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47
Q

what lies in sella turcica?

A

pituitary gland/ hypophysisi cerebri

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48
Q

what are the anterior clinoid processes?

A

anterior two processes pointing backwards over the recess

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49
Q

compare anterior and posterior clinoid processes?

A

anterior clinoid processes are wider apart than the posterior clinoid processes

50
Q

describe anterior clinoid processes’ location

A 
anterior clinoid processes project backwards from the lesser wings of the sphenoid
chiasmatic groove (for optic chiasma) running transversely between the optic canals beneath the anterior clinoid processes
51
Q

what is sella turcica also called?

A

hyperphysical fossa

52
Q

what are lateral parts of the middle cranial fossa formed?

A

great wing of the sphenoid in front and squamous part of temporal bone behind

53
Q

what are lodged in the middle cranial fossa?

A

temporal lobes of the cerebral hemispheres

54
Q

what are lodged in posterior cranial fossa?

A

hindbrain: cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata

55
Q

what is posterior cranial fossa formed?

A

sphenoid
temporal
parietal
occipital bones

56
Q

what is the clivus?

A

the sloping bony surface
made up from two bones that join around puberty or late teens
lower part formed by occipital bone
upper part formed by the body of the sphenoid

57
Q

what flank foramen magnum on either side?

A

the occipital condyles

58
Q

what does occipital condyle articulate with?

A

C1 Vertebra, the atlas

allow a nodding action

59
Q

where does nodding occur?

A

atlanto-occipital joints

60
Q

where does axial rotation occur?

A

at the C1/C2 joint

61
Q

where is foramen magnum entirely within?

A

occipital bone

62
Q

what is basilar part of the occipital bone?

A

the part of occipital bone anterior to the foramen magnum
rather solid-looking area
extends forward to meet the sphenoid bones
central part of the interior aspect of the skull
pharynx “hanging” from the pharyngeal tubercle

63
Q

what bones can you see from the inferior aspect of the skull?

A

occipital
temporal bone
sphenoid bones

64
Q

where are two pterygoid processes?

A

interior aspect of the sphenoid

project downwards

65
Q

what does each pterygoid processes consist of?

A

two plates:
1. larger lateral plate
2, smaller medial plate

66
Q

where is pterygoid fossa?

A

area between the plates on each pterygoid process

67
Q

where is pterygoid fossa?

A

area between the plates on each pterygoid process

an important site of muscle attachment

68
Q

what is the pterygoid hamulus?

A

from the inferior end of the medial pterygoid plate extends a hook-like projection
acts as a fulcrum or pulley for muscles that tense the soft palate

69
Q

how does facial skeleton project？

A

downwards and forwards from the under-surface of the cranial part of the skull
rest on the occipital bone behind
teeth or alveolar margin of the maxillae in front

70
Q

what are orbits?

A

two bony cavities where the eyes are situated

71
Q

what is the axis of each orbit?

A

45 degrees laterally

72
Q

how is the superior orbital margin formed?

A

by the frontal bone

73
Q

what is supraorbital notch?

A

bridge over to from a foramen

74
Q

what is superciliary arch?

A

prominent ridge of bond arching over the superior orbital margin

75
Q

where is the orbital plate of the frontal bone?

A

at the superior orbital margin

frontal bone turns sharply backwards

76
Q

what forms the greater part of the roof of the orbit?

A

orbital plate of the frontal bone

77
Q

how is lateral orbital margin formed?

A

by frontal and zygomatic bones

78
Q

what are the zygomatic process of the frontal and the frontal process of the zygomatic bone?

A

projections from each of those two bones that meet to form the lateral orbital margin

79
Q

how is interior orbital margin formed?

A

by zygomatic bones and the maxilla

80
Q

where is infraorbital foramen?

A

in the maxilla

just below the inferior orbital margin

81
Q

how is medial orbital margin formed?

A

by frontal, lacrimal and maxilla

82
Q

the roof of the orbit is?

A

orbital plate of the frontal

lesser wing of the sphenoid behind it

83
Q

the roof of the orbit is?

A

orbital plate of the frontal

lesser wing of the sphenoid behind it

84
Q

how many roots does the lesser wing of the sphenoid have at its origin?

A

two

85
Q

what is the gap between the lesser wing of the sphenoid called?

A

optic canal

transmit the optic nerve and retinal artery

86
Q

what is the floor of the orbit?

A

superior surface of the maxilla
part of the zygoma and
palatine bone

87
Q

what does lateral wall of the orbit comprise？

A

part of the zygoma
greater wing of the sphenoid
frontal bone forms a small part

88
Q

how is the medial wall of the orbit?

A

the thinnest wall of the orbit

almost parallel to the median plane

89
Q

what are main bones forming the medial wall of the orbit?

A

ethmoid
lacrimal
frontal bones

90
Q

how is the lacrimal sac formed by?

A

lacrimal bone and part of the maxilla

91
Q

how is large gap in the orbit formed?

A

the large gap forms a diagonal or curved lien running from the apex of the orbit downwards
running laterally to the lower lateral side of the orbit
gap continuous into the orbit
open into two different area behind and below the gap

92
Q

where does the superior orbital fissure open?

A

posteriorly into the middle cranial fossa
beneath the lesser wing of the sphenoid
lateral to the optic canal

93
Q

where does the inferior orbital fissure open?

A 
infratemporal fossa 
behind and below into the area deep to the zygomatic arch
below the sphenoid
below the maxilla
lateral to the pterygoid plates
94
Q

what is sphenopalatine fossa?

A

slit like recess

between the back of the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid

95
Q

what are three processes on zygoma?

A

frontal
temporal
maxxilary

96
Q

where does palatine process of the maxilla extend and meet?

A

extends horizontally to meet its fellow of the opposite side

form the greater part of the skeleton of the hard palate

97
Q

what is the main hollow body of the maxilla called?

A

maxillary sinus

98
Q

where is the infraorbital foramen？

A

below the orbital rim

99
Q

what is carried in the infraorbital foramen?

A

infraorbital nerve and artery

100
Q

what are three processes of the zygoma?

A
  1. frontal
  2. temporal
  3. maxillary
101
Q

what is alveolar process?

A

rim of the maxilla that carries the teeth of the upper jaw

102
Q

what are three projections running from the back of the nasal cavity towards the front?

A

conchae/turbinate bones (part of the ethmoid bone)

  • -superior
  • -middle
  • -inferior
103
Q

what is the meatus?

A

recess beneath each turbinate

104
Q

what are bony palate consisted of?

A

palatine processes of the maxillae (2)

horizontal plate of the palatine bone (2)

105
Q

what is mylohyoid line?

A

roughened, slightly raised ridge on the inside of the body of the mandible
attach main muscle of the floor of the mouth

106
Q

what is alveolar margin of the mandible?

A

the part that carries the teeth of the lower jaw

107
Q

what does the foramen magnum transmit?

A

medulla before it becomes the spinal cord
two vertebral arteries
anterior spinal artery
spinal roots of the accessory nerve(CN12)

108
Q

what does the irregular jugular foramen transmit?

A

internal jugular vein

cranial nerves 9,10,11

109
Q

where is stylomastoid foramen?

A

lateral to the jugular foramen

between the mastoid process of the temporal bone and the styloid process

110
Q

what does stylomastoid foramen transmit?

A

facial nerve (CN7)

111
Q

where is carotid canal?

A

anterior to the jugular foramen

112
Q

what does carotid canal transmit?

A

internal carotid artery

113
Q

where is foramen lacerum?

A

anterior and medial to the carotid canal

petrous temporal bone meets the sphenoid

114
Q

what pass through the foramen lacerum?

A

filed in with cartilage
no major structure passes through
interal caroid artery and some nerves pass across the top

115
Q

where is foramen rotundum?

A

behind the superior orbital fissure

lead forwards into the pterygopalatine fossa

116
Q

where is foramen ovale?

A

behind and a little lateral to the foramen rotundum

117
Q

where is the foramen spinosum?

A

behind foramen ovale

much smaller

118
Q

what does foramen spinosum transmit?

A

middle meningeal artery

119
Q

where is the optic canals?

A

just above and medial to the superior orbital fissure

120
Q

what does the optic canal transmit?

A

optic nerve to the eye (CN2)

121
Q

what does internal acoustic meatus transmit?

A 
vestibulocochlear nerve (CN8)
facial nerve(CN7)

Anatomy ear (2 decks)

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