Ear

Question 1

Inner ear made up of

Answer 1

Bony labyrinth

Membranous labyrinth

Question 2

Filled with a fluid perilymph, series of canals and cavities within the temporal bone

Answer 2

Bony labyrinth

Question 3

Floats in perilymph, filled with fluid called endolymph

Answer 3

Membranous labyrinth

Question 4

Utriculus and sacculus

Answer 4

• membranous sacs suspended in perilymph and filled with endolymph
• contain maculae, equilibrium receptors, that are hair like cells covered with a jelly like ,Ayer where crystals called otoliths are ambedded

Question 5

Semi circular canals

Answer 5

Three canals at right angles to each other with a swelling called an ampulla
- ampullae contain equilibrium receptors called crista; patch of hair cells covered with a jelly like cap called a capula

Question 6

Crista

Answer 6

Equilibrium receptors contained within ampullae, hair cells covered in a jelly like cap called a capula

Question 7

Maculae

Answer 7

Contained in utriculus and sacculus, equilibrium receptors, hair cells covered in a jelly like layer where cristals called otoliths are embedded

Question 8

What structural and functional region are utriculus and sacculus, and semi circular canals classifies under

Answer 8

Vestibular apparatus

Question 9

Function of vestibular apparatus

Answer 9

Maintaining balance

Question 10

Able to determine changes of position of the head (orientation). When head moves, otoliths are stimulated and respond to forces of gravity

Answer 10

Function of utriculus and sacculus

Question 11

Register movem. of head in any direction, detect acceleration due to flow of endolymph which stimulate crista

Answer 11

Function of semi circular canals

Question 12

Found on the basilar membrane partly covered by the tectorial membrane. Hairs from the hair cells of _ are embedded in the overhanging tectorial membrane.

Answer 12

Organ of corti

Question 13

Function of the organ of corti

Answer 13

Sound waves cause vibration in the oval window
These vibrations cause vibrations in the perilymph of the scala vestibule which gives rise to vibrations in the endolymph of scala media.
The hair cells of the organ of corti are stimulated, and translate these vibrations into a nerve impulse which is moved through the auditory nerve to the cerebrum.
The round window absorbs the vibrations

Question 14

What is the cochleas main function

Answer 14

Hearing

Question 15

HEARING DEFECTS

Middle ear infections

Answer 15

Inflammation in middle of ear = otitis media

Bacterial or viral infection resulting in symptoms

Question 16

Possible symptoms of middle ear infection

Answer 16

• swelling of the lining of the middle ear, blocks Eustachian tube, causes build up of fluid in normally air filled cavity. Often results in a discharge.
• conductive hearing loss as the eardrum and ossicles are unable to move freely and prevents transmission of sound waves
• tearing of the eardrum as a pressure builds up
• severe pain

Question 17

Deafness

Answer 17

Partial or total loss of hearing results in inability to hear sound

Question 18

Reasons deafness can occur

Answer 18

• genetics: genes for deafness can be inherited
• meningitis
• trauma or disease

Question 19

TREATMENT FOR HEARING LOSS

Answer 19

1. Grommets
2. Hearing aids
3. Cochlear implants

Question 20

If middle ear infections persist after treatment with antibiotics then small ventilation tubes are inserted throu eardrum - allows air to the middle ear and reduces build up of fluid

Answer 20

Grommets

Question 21

Electronic device, restores hearing to people with severe or profound deafness. Compensates for damaged hair cells on the organ of corti by artificially stimulating the auditory nerve

Answer 21

Cochlear implants

Question 22

Small electronic device that amplifies incoming sound, fitted to patients who are not totally deaf. Consists of a tiny microphone, amplifier, and speaker

Answer 22

Hearing aid