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Embryo Finals > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

sound conductor from the external to the internal ear

A

Middle ear

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2
Q

converts sound waves into nerve impulses and registers changes in equilibrium

A

Internal ear

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3
Q

The first indication of the developing ear can be found in approx how many days?

A

22 days

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4
Q

thickening of the surface ectoderm on each side of the rhombencephalon

A

Otic placodes

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5
Q

The otic placodes invaginate rapidly to form the

A

Otic or auditory vesicles (otocysts)

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6
Q

Ventral component of a vesicle

A

Saccule

Cochlear duct

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7
Q

Dorsal component of an otic vesicle

A

Utricle
Semicircular canals
Endolymphatic duct

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8
Q

The epithelial structures from the components of the vesicles form the

A

Membranous labyrinth

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9
Q

the saccule forms a tubular outpocketing at its lower pole (cochlear duct)

A

6th wk

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10
Q

penetrates the surrounding mesenchyme in a spiral fashion until the end of the eighth week, when it has completed 2.5 turns

A

Cochlear duct

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11
Q

The cochlear duct penetrates the surrounding mesenchyme in a spiral fashion until the end of what week

A

8th wk

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12
Q

The connection of the cochlear duct with the remaining portion of the saccule is then confined to a narrow pathway, the ?

A

Ductus reunens

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13
Q

Mesenchyme surrounding the cochlear duct soon differentiates into cartilage. This cartilaginous shell undergoes vacuolization, and two perilymphatic spaces, the scala vestibuli and scala tympani, are formed

A

10th wk

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14
Q

In the 10th week, the cartilaginous shell undergoes vacuolization, and two perilymphatic spaces?

A

Scala vestibuli

Scala tympani

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15
Q

The cochlear duct is then separated from the scala vestibuli by the ——– and from the scala tympani by the ————-

A

Vestibular membrane

Basilar membrane

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16
Q

The lateral wall of the cochlear duct remains attached to the surrounding cartilage by the ————

A

Spiral ligament

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17
Q

The median angle of the cochlear duct is connected to and partly supported by a long cartilaginous process, the ———-

A

modiolus

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18
Q

the future axis of the bony cochlea

A

modiolus

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19
Q

The epithelial cells of the cochlear duct further develop and form two ducts

A

Inner ridge - future spiral limbus

Outer ridge

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20
Q

Sensory cells of the auditory system

A

Hair cells

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21
Q

The outer ridge forms how many rows of hair cells

A

1 inner

3 or 4 outer

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22
Q

Covers the hair cells

A

Tectorial membrane

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23
Q

Fibrillar gelatinous substance attached to the spiral limbus, that rests with its tip on the hair cells

A

Tectorial membrane

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24
Q

Rests with its tip on the hair cells

A

Spiral limbus

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25
Q

Sensory cells + tectorial membrane

A

Organ of Corti

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26
Q

Impulses received by the organ of corti are transmitted to the spiral ganglion and then to the nervous system by the ——-

A

Auditory fibers of cranial nerve III

27
Q

Semicircular canals appear as flattened outpocketings of the utricular part of the otic vesicle

A

6th wk

28
Q

One end of each of the semicircular canal dilates to form the ———-, and the other, the ————, does not widen

A

Crus ampullare

Crus nonampulare

29
Q

How many crura enter the utricle?

A

5
3 w/ an ampulla, 2 without

*only two of the crus nonampullare fuse

30
Q

Cell in the ampullae form a crest, ———–, containing sensory cells for maintenance of equilibrium

A

Crista ampullaris

31
Q

Sensory area for equilibrium in the walls of the utricle and saccule

A

Maculae acusticae

32
Q

Impulses generated by the cristae and maculae carried to the brain by

A

Vestibular fibers of cranial nerve VIII

33
Q

During formation of the otic vesicle, a small group of cells breaks away from its wall and forms the

A

Statoacaoustic ganglion

34
Q

Other cells of the statoacoustic ganglion ar derived from the

A

Neural crest

35
Q

The statoacoustic ganglion splits into what portions?

A

Cochlear

Vestibular

36
Q

Supplies the sensory cells of the organ of Corti

A

Cochlear portion

37
Q

Supplies the sensory cells of the saccule, utricle, and semicircular canals

A

Vestibular portion

38
Q

Originates in th endoderm; derived from the first pharyngeal pouch

A

Tympanic cavity

39
Q

Expands in a lateral direction & comes in contact wt th floor of the 1st pharyngeal cleft

A

1st pharyngeal pouch

40
Q

Distal part of the pouch; widens and gives rise to the primitive tympanic cavity

A

Tubotympanic recess

41
Q

Proximal part of the pouch; remains narrow; forms the

A

Auditory tube (eustachian tube)

42
Q

Structure thru whc the tympanic cavity communicates wt the nasopharynx

A

Auditory tube (eustachian tube)

43
Q

Malleus and incus are derived from

A

The cartilage of the 1st pharyngeal arch

44
Q

The stapes is derived from

A

The 2nd pharyngeal arch

45
Q

The muscle of the malleus is innervated by

A

Tensor tympani

Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

46
Q

The Muscle attached to the stapes is innervated by

A

Stapedius muscle

Facial nerve

47
Q

Late fetal life, tymapnic cavity expands dorsally by vacuolization of surrounding tissues to form

A

Tympanic antrum

48
Q

After birth, epithelium lined air sacs are formed when the tympanic cavity invades the mastoid process

A

Pneumatization

Mastoid air sacs

49
Q

External auditory meatus develops from

A

The dorsal portion of th 1st pharyngeal cleft

50
Q

Epithelial cells at the bottom of the meatus proliferate, forming a solid epithelial plate, the meatal plug

A

Beginning of the 3rd mon

51
Q

The meatal plug dissolves

The epithelial lining of the floor of the meatus participates in formation of the definitive eardrum

A

7th mon

52
Q

The eardrum is made up of

A
  1. Ectodermal epithelial lining - bottom of auditory meatus
  2. Endodermal epithelial lining - tympanic cavity,
  3. Interm layer of connective tissue/mesenchyme
53
Q

The major part of the eardrum is attached to the handle of the malleus, the rest forms the

A

Separation bet the external auditory meatus and the tympanic cavity

54
Q

The auricle develops from

A

6 mesenchymal prolifs at the dorsal ends of the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches, surrounding the 1st pharyngeal cleft

55
Q

———–, three on each side of the external meatus, later fuse and form———-

A

Auricular hillock

Definitive auricle

56
Q

Intially, the external ears are located where?

A

In the lower neck region

Wt development of the mandible , they ascend to the side of the head at the level of the eyes

57
Q

Cased by abnormal development of the membranous and bony labyrinths or by malformations of the auditory ossicles and eardrum

A

Congenital hearing loss

58
Q

Skin tags

A

Periauricular appendages

59
Q

Shallow depressions

A

Pit

60
Q

Pits indicate

A

Abnormal devt of the auricular hillocks

61
Q

Periauriclar appendages may be caused by

A

Accessory hillocks

62
Q

Transfer sound from the tympanic membrane to the oval window

A

Ossicles

63
Q

Eardrum

A

Tympanic membrane

64
Q

Sound collecting organ

A

External ear

Embryo Finals (5 decks)

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