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PNS Final! > EAR > Flashcards

EAR Flashcards

0
Q

ONLY Gray Ramus Communicans

A

Everything except T1-L2,L3

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1
Q

Both gray AND white ramus communicans

A

T1-L2, L3

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2
Q

Pre-ganglionic parasympathetic fibers

A

Cholinergic

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3
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers

A

cholinergic

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4
Q

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers

A

cholinergic

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5
Q

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers

A

NE

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6
Q

parasympathetic: CN III, VII, IX supply what

A

structures in head

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7
Q

parasymp: CN X supply what

A

cardiac, respiratory, digestive

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8
Q

Parasym: S2, S3, S4 supply

A

distal parts of digestive system and urogenital system

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9
Q

Parasympathetic oculomotor nerve preganglionic cell bodies are located where

A

accessory oculomotor nucleus

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10
Q

Preganglionic cell bodies of the oculomotor nerve synapse where

A

ciliary ganglion

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11
Q

Oculomotor nerve postganglionic fibers are carried in what structure

A

short ciliary nerves

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12
Q

Short ciliary nerves of the oculomotor nerve enter the eyeball and supply what two muscles

A

ciliary muscle

sphincter pupillae

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13
Q

Ciliary muscle action

A

contraction makes the lens more convex to focus on closer objects

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14
Q

sphincter pupillae action

A

contraction decreases size of pupil

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15
Q

Facial nerve preganglionic cell bodies are located where

A

superior part of the salivary nucleus

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16
Q

Facial nerve exits the CNS in what structure

A

intermediate nerve

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17
Q

ear: ectodermal thickening on the lateral head is called what

A

placode

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18
Q

placode invaginates giving rise to what

A

auditory pit

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19
Q

auditory pit gives rise to what

A

auditory vesicle

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20
Q

Auditory vesicle gives rise to what

A

membranous inner ear

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21
Q

Auditory tube and tympanic cavity is derived from what

A

first pharyngeal pouch

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22
Q

Malleus is derived from what

A

dorsal end of the ventral mandibular cartilage

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23
Q

Incus develops from what

A

dorsal end of the first pharyngeal arch

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24
Q

Stapes is derived from

A

dorsal end of the second pharyngeal arch

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25
Q

Tympanic membrane is derived from

A

interstitial mesoderm

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26
Q

External acoustic canal

A

first pharyngeal groove

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27
Q

Auricle develops from what

A

groove next to the first pharyngeal groove

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28
Q

Auricle AKA

A

Pinna

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29
Q

Auricle means what

A

“horn like”

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30
Q

intrinsic muscles of the ear

A 
helicus major + minor
tragicus 
antitragicus 
transverse muscle of the auricle
oblique muscle of the auricle
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31
Q

smallest extrinsic muscle of the auricle

A

anterior auricular muscle

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32
Q

where does the anterior auricular muscle insert

A

inserts in front of the helix

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33
Q

which is the largest of the extrinsic muscles of the auricle

A

superior auricular muscle

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34
Q

Where does the superior auricular muscle insert

A

superior side of auricle

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35
Q

where does the posterior auricular muscle insert

A

lower posterior aspect of concha

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36
Q

Medial 2/3 of the EAM is located within what

A

temporal bone

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37
Q

Modified sweat glands within the EAM produce what

A

cerumen

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38
Q

EAM terminates at what

A

tympanic membrane

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39
Q

Motor supply to the external ear

A

temporal and posterior auricular branch of facial nerve

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40
Q

sympathetic supply of the external ear

A

superior cervical ganglion

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41
Q

two parts of the middle ear

A

tympanic cavity and epitympanic recess

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42
Q

Three small bones of the middle ear

A

malleus, incus, stapes

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43
Q

two muscles located in the tympanic cavity

A

stapedius

tensor tympani

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44
Q

Roof of middle ear AKA

A

tegmental wall

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45
Q

Tegmental Wall/ Roof is formed by what

A

petrous part of the temporal bone

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46
Q

Floor of the middle ear AKA

A

Jugular wall

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47
Q

Jugular wall is formed by what

A

thin layer of bone separating the cavity from the internal jugular vein

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48
Q

A small opening in the jugular wall serves as the entrance for what

A

tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve

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49
Q

lateral boundary of the middle ear AKA

A

membranous wall

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50
Q

Membranous wall is almost entirely formed by what

A

tympanic membrane

51
Q

membranous/lateral wall is adjacent to what

A

epitympanic recess

52
Q

What is the name of the opening between the tympanic cavity and mastoid air cells

A

aditus of the mastoid antrum

53
Q

aditus of the mastoid antrum is a part of what boundary

A

posterior/mastoid wall

54
Q

Pyramidal eminence is the opening for what

A

tendon of stapedius m. passes through

55
Q

What is the name of the opening in the posterior/mastoid wall

A

pyramidal eminence

56
Q

Opening for the chorda tympani is located within which boundary of the middle ear

A

posterior/mastoid wall

57
Q

Which wall separates the cavity from the internal carotid artery

A

carotid wall

58
Q

opening for the pharyngotympanic tube is located in which boundary

A

carotid wall

59
Q

Opening for the tensor tympani is located in which boundary

A

carotid wall

60
Q

chorda tympani exits the cavity in a small opening in which wall

A

carotid wall

61
Q

The impression made by the cochlea

A

promontory

62
Q

the lesser petrosal nerve leaves the tympanic plexus and travels where

A

otic ganglion

63
Q

stapes attaches to the oval window on which wall

A

labrynthine or medial wall

64
Q

which semicircular canal forms a small impression in the labrynthine/ medial wall

A

lateral

65
Q

Which is the largest bone of the middle ear

A

malleus

66
Q

which bones sits against the oval window

A

stapes

67
Q

sensory supply to the middle ear

A

Tympanic nerve of CN IX

68
Q

What supplies the stapedius muscle

A

nerve supply to the stapedius of the facial nerve

69
Q

what supplies the tensor tympani muscle

A

medial pterygoid nerve

70
Q

corticotympanic nerve carries what type of fiber

A

secretomotor and vasomotor

71
Q

Two parts of the inner ear

A

bony labyrinth

membranous labyrinth

72
Q

bony labyrinth is an enclosure for what

A

membranous labyrinth

73
Q

three parts of bony labyrinth

A

cochlea
vestibule
semicircular canals

74
Q

what fluid seperates the bony from the membranous labyrinth

A

perilymph

75
Q

What structure contains the cochlear duct

A

cochlea

76
Q

the vestibule contains what two structures

A

utricle

saccule

77
Q

what are the directional terms for the three semicircular canals

A

lateral, anterior, posterior

78
Q

what type of fluid is within the membranous labyrinth

A

endolymph

79
Q

the membranous labyrinth is divided into two labyrinths. what are they?

A

cochlear labyrinth

vestibular labyrinth

80
Q

the cone shaped central bony structure around the cochlea is called what

A

modiolus

81
Q

the apex of the cochlea directed anterolaterally is called what

A

cochlear cupula

82
Q

what three channels make up the cochlea

A

scala vestibuli
cochlear duct
scala tympani

83
Q

cochlear duct ends at what structure

A

apex aka

cochlear cupula

84
Q

both scala communicate with eachother at the apex of the cochlea via what structure

A

helicotrema

85
Q

which scala lies above the cochlear duct

A

scala vestibuli

86
Q

oval window forms the base of what

A

scala vestibuli

87
Q

scala vestibuli is filled with what fluid

A

perilymph

88
Q

which scala is below the cochlear duct

A

scala tympani

89
Q

what fluid surrounds the scala tympani

A

perilymph

90
Q

base of the scala tympani

A

round window

91
Q

vibrations transmitted through the scala vestibuli pass to the scala tympani via the

A

helicotrema

92
Q

the cochlear duct is filled with what fluid

A

endolymph

93
Q

cochlear duct is anchored to the outer wall of the cochlea by what

A

spiral ligament

94
Q

cochlear duct is separated from the scala vestibuli via

A

vestibular membrane

95
Q

cochlear duct is separated from the scala tympani via

A

basilar or spiral membrane

96
Q

another name for basilar membrane

A

spiral membrane

97
Q

what structure is located on the floor of the cochlear duct and is attached to the basilar/spiral membrane

A

spiral organ

98
Q

Spiral organ is sensitive to what type of soundwaves that enter the cochlea

A

frequency and amplitude

99
Q

hair cells in the spiral organ are surrounded by

A

tectorial membrane

100
Q

The cell bodies for the primary sensory neurons is located where

A

spiral ganglion

101
Q

vibrations from the middle ear amplify noise how much

A

1.2x

102
Q

oval window is much smaller than tympanic membrane, therefore noise is amplified how much when reaching cochlea

A

17x

103
Q

vibrations of the basilar membrane causes stimulation of receptors in what structure

A

spiral organ

104
Q

information from the spiral organ is transmitted where

A

cochlear nerve

105
Q

what communicates with the cochlear duct

A

saccule

106
Q

utricle communicates with what

A

all three semicircular ducts

saccule

107
Q

utricle communicates with the saccule by way of what

A

utricosaccular duct

108
Q

what is the sense organs within the utricle and the saccule

A

maculae (hairlike projections)

109
Q

what is the name of the “stone” that floats in endolymph that elicits impulses when defecting the maculae

A

otoliths

110
Q

utricle detects what type of accelerations

A

centrifugal

vertical

111
Q

saccule detects what type of acceleration

A

linear

112
Q

sense organ within the semicircular duct

A

crista

113
Q

crista are located in what structure of each duct

A

ampulla

114
Q

semicircular ducts are sensitive to what type of acceleration

A

sensitive to all acceleration types BUT particularly rotational

115
Q

impulses initiated from the maculae and crista are carried by neurons with cell bodies located in

A

vestibular ganglion

116
Q

two branches of the vestibular ganglion

A

superior and inferior

117
Q

the superior branch is larger and carries information from where

A

anterior semicircular duct
lateral semicircular duct
utricle
saccule via VOITS NERVE

118
Q

inferior branch carries information from

A

posterior semicircular

saccule

119
Q

Nerve supply to the labyrinth

A

cavernous and/or internal carotid plexus

120
Q

cochlear nerve is composed of axons from where

A

spiral ganglion

121
Q

information is relayed through the cochlear nuclei to what two structures in the MO

A

superior olivary nucleus

trapezoid nucleus

122
Q

cochlear nerve information is carried in the lateral lemniscus to which two bodies

A

inferior colliculi

medial geniculate bodies

123
Q

information from the cochlear nerve is relayed to the temporal lobe to reach

A

Broadmann area 41 and 42

124
Q

vestibular nerve is made up of axons from where

A

vestibular ganglion

125
Q

vestibular nerve axons synapse where

A

vestibular nerve complex

126
Q

information from the vestibular nerve is processed in what part of the brain

A

cerebellum

PNS Final! (3 decks)

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