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Head and Neck > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Which structure separates the middle ear from the external ear?

A

Tympanic membrane

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2
Q

Which structure connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?

A

Pharyngotympanic tube

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3
Q

TheOrganofCortiishousedin

A.ScalaTympani
B.ScalaMedia
C.ScalaVestibula
D.Helicotrema

A

B

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4
Q

Activelyvibratesandamplifiessound

a. innerhaircells
b. outerhaircells
c. Deiter’scells
d. Hensen’scells

A

B

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5
Q

A90yearoldmancan’thearandunderstandcertainwords,whatcouldbethecause?

a. brainatrophy
b. highfrequencyhearingloss
c. ossicularchain
d. earwax

A

B

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6
Q

Connectionofscalatympaniandscalavestibuli

A

Helicotrema

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7
Q

Theearcanalis

a. 1inchlong
b. ½cartilaginous
c. ½hairy
d. projectedinferiolaterally

A

D

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8
Q

Whatinnervatestheinferiorearandangleofthemandible?

a. auriculotemporal
b. greatauricular
c. mental
d. inferioralveolar

A

B

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9
Q

Normalhearingthreshold

a. 15dB
b. 25dB
c. 35dB
d. 55dB

A

B

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10
Q

Themiddleearcontributesanincrease

a. 10dB
b. 20dB
c. 30dB
d. 40 dB

A

D

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11
Q

Soundcan be transmitteddirectlyto the cochleawithoutpassingthroughthe middleear by whichmechanism?

a. Throughcerebrospinalfluidvibrations
b. Directvibrationofroundwindowmembrane
c. Throughthevestibularduct
d. ThroughtheEustachiantube

A

B

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12
Q

Pinnaconsistsof

a. hyalinecartilage
b. elasticcartilage
c. reticulatefibers
d. denseregularconnectivetissue

A

B

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13
Q

Thestapesisderivedfromwhichpharyngealarch?

a. 1st
b. 2nd
c. 3rd
d. 4th

A

B

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14
Q

What is found in the Tympanic membrane?

A. Ectoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Mesoderm
D. All

A

D

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15
Q

Which of the following structures will develop first?

A. Inner ear
B. Ossicles
C. Middle ear and Eustachian tube
D. Ear canal

A

B

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16
Q

What opens the Eustachian tube?

A. tensor tympani
B. levator palatine
C.pharyngoglossus
D. tensor veli palatine

A

D

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17
Q

Related to scala vestibuli:

A. helicotrema
B. round window
C. oval window
D. cochlear duct

A

C

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18
Q

How to properly view the ear canal in adults?

A

Pull upward and posteriorly (since it is situated laterally, antero-
inferiorly)

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19
Q

When the right ear is exposed to prolonged loud noise, it will result

A. stiffening of the right ossicular chain and tympanic
membrane
B. stiffening of the left ossicular chain and tympanic membrane
C. stiffening of the both the right and left ossicular chain and tympanic membrane
D. stiffening of the ossicular chain and tympanic membrane is pathologic response
E. hearing is loss

A

A

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20
Q

Which organ system is not used for balance?

A. Visual 
B. Dorsal column 
C. Cerebellum 
D. Vestibular 
E. None of the above
A

E

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21
Q

If you put your tuning fork above your upper lip, the resulting sound sensation is detected via

A. vibration of tympanic membrane and ossicles (vibrations bypass external ear)
B. vibration of cerebrospinal fluid
C. vibration of the external auditory canal
D. all of the above

A

A

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22
Q

When does the sense of hearing start?

A. fetal stage
B. 1 month old
C. 1 year old
D. 2 years old

A

A

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23
Q

What innervates the stapedius muscle?

A. CNIII
B.CNV
C.CNVII
D.CNVIII

A

C

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24
Q

Ring-like structure of the temporal bone that surrounds the External Acoustic Meatus

A. Squama
B. Tympanic Plate
C. Petrous
D. Fallopian canal

A

B

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25
Q

True about the middle ear:

a. Most retracted part is the umbo
b. Chorda tympani runs between incus and stapes
c. Tensor tympani lies below the Eustachian tube
d. Stapedius innervated by V3

A

A

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26
Q

What is the threshold of pain in dB-SPL

a. 80
b. 100
c. 130
d. 140

A

C

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27
Q

What is the transformer ratio of the middle ear (due to area effect of the tympanic membrane and the lever action of the ossicles?

a. 1:3:1
b. 22:1
c. 17:1
d. 12:01:00

A

B

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28
Q

The tympanic plexus over the promontory of the middle ear is composed of which cranial nerves?

a. 7,8,9
b. 8,9,10
c. 7,9,10
d. 7,8

A

C

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29
Q

Among the vestibular nuclei, which is responsible for posture?

a. Medial
b. Lateral
c. Superior
d. Inferior

A

B

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30
Q

Low frequency sounds affect which part of the basilar membrane?

a. Proximal third
b. Middle third
c. Apex
d. Entire Length

A

D

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31
Q

True of blood supply of outer ear?

A. posterior auricular a.
B. superficial temporal a.
C. all of the above
D. none of the above

A

C

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32
Q

What is the threshold of pain for humans?

A. 120 - 130dB SPL
B. 110 - 120dB SPL
C. 130 - 140dB SPL
D. 110 - 130dB SPL

A

A

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33
Q

Inside the endolymph, there is ___ K+ and ___ Na+

A. higher, higher
B. higher, lower
C. lower, lower
D. lower, higher

A

B

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34
Q

The first input of balance comes from the

A. semicircular canals
B. brain
C. eyes
D. muscle spindle in the muscles

A

C

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35
Q

The ___ one third of the external auditory meatus is _____.

A. medial, cartilaginous
B. lateral, cartilaginous
C. medial, bony
D. lateral, bony

A

B

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36
Q

Which pairing is incorrect?

I. membranous labyrinth : endolymph
II. membranous labyrinth : perilymph
III. bony labyrinth: endolymph
IV. bony labyrinth: perilymph

A. I and III
B. II and IV
C. II and III
D. II and III

A

C

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37
Q

What is this maneuver that is done by pinching the nose and swallowing to equalize the pressure in the ears?

A. Valsalva
B. Babinski
C. Toynbee
D. Cottle

A

C

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38
Q

In the ___ Test patient heard the sound longer than the examiner. The patient has _____.

A. Schwabach, conductive hearing loss
B. Schwabach, sensorineural hearing loss
C. Weber, conductive hearing loss
D. Weber, sensorineural hearing loss

A

A

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39
Q

Biger ears means better hearing. T/F

A

T

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40
Q

You know that you are looking at the right eardrum if

A. the cone of light is in the upper left quadrant
B. the cone of light is in the upper right quadrant
C. the cone of light is in the lower right quadrant
D. cannot tell

A

C

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41
Q

Which among the ff has an anterior and posterior limb?

A. incus 
B. malleus 
C. stapes 
D. A and C 
E. all of the above
A

C

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42
Q

What do you call the bulge in the middle ear overhanging the cochlea?

A. utricle
B. saccule
C. promontory
D. helicotrema

A

C

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43
Q

Children have a more horizontal eustachian tube than adults. T/F

A

T

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44
Q

What separates the scala tympani and scala media?

A. Reissner’s membrane
B. Organ of Corti
C. helicotrema
D. basilar membrane

A

D

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45
Q

How many openings are there in the semicircular ducts and utricle?

A. three
B. five
C. one
D. more than five

A

B

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46
Q

Inner balance

A. semicircular ducts
B. saccule
C. utricle
D. malleus

A

A

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47
Q

Which is anterior to the middle ear?

A. internal jugular bulb
B. tensor tympani
C. pyramid
D. tegmen tympani

A

B

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48
Q

Lateral movement of the head is sensed by which organ?

A. utricle
B. saccule
C. vestibule
D. anterior semicircular canal

A

A

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49
Q

True regarding external auditory canal

A. ceruminous glands are located at the inner two-thirds of the tube
B. outer third is bony while inner two-thirds is cartilaginous
C. curved backward and downward
D. infections can spread through the bony structures

A

D

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50
Q

The main source of the blood supply of the inner ear comes from the:

A. basilar artery
B. vertebral artery
C. anterior inferior cerebellar artery
D. posterior inferior cerebellar artery

A

C

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51
Q

True of Eustachian tube

a. outer 2/3 is bony
b. inner 3rd is cartilaginous
c. opened by levator veli palatini
d. adult is horizontal

A

C

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52
Q

What is true of the Organ of Corti?

A. It is composed of a single row of inner hair cells
B. Movement of the hair cells generate nerve impulses
C. It rests on a delicate basilar membrane

A

A

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53
Q

Which is correct regarding the eardrum?

A. Handle of malleus is embedded in the fibrous layer of the drum
B. Outer layer is mucous, inner layer is epithelium
C. Cone of light represents the most retracted portion of the eardrum
D. Much bigger than the size of the tympanic space

A

A

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54
Q

Reena is a member of Ballet Philippines. Despite the many pirouettes she performs everyday, she does not fall to her sides because of the ability of her vestibular system to compensate for the different movements. The normal human ear has how many semicircular canals?

A. 1
B. 3
C. 6
D. 9

A

B

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55
Q

Dante complains of vertigo on sudden changes in position, which last for several seconds. His doctor
tells him he has Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
(BPPV), wherein there are otoliths in his posterior
semicircular canals. Which of the ff. SCC is coplanar to each other?

A. right anterior SCC- left anterior SCC
B. right posterior SCC- left anterior SCC
C. right anterior SCC-left horizontal SCC
D. right posterior SCC- left horizontal SCC

A

B

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56
Q

Sensory part of utricle

A. Semicircular canal
B. Macula
C. Cochlea
D. Concha

A

B

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57
Q
  1. This produces the otolithic membrane

A. Hair cell type I
B. Hair cell type II
C. Sustentacular cells
D. Reiter’s

A

C

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58
Q

The vestibular ganglion is also called:

A. Deiter’s nucleus
B. Scarpa’s ganglion
C. medial longitudinal ganglion
D. spiral ganglion

A

B

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59
Q

Epithelium of the Eustachian tube

A. simple squamous keratinizing epithelium
B. cuboidal epithelium
C. respiratory epithelium
D. squamous epithelium

A

C

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60
Q

What is the phase difference between the round window and the oval window responsible for the amplification of sound?

A. 1.3 : 1
B. 22
C. less than 25 dB
D. less than 4 dB

A

D

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61
Q

Surface area of the tympanic membrane

A.17 sq. mm
B. 55 sq. mm
C. 85 sq. mm
D. 3.2 sq. mm

A

C

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62
Q

Which of the following lies on the anterior wall of the middle ear cavity?

A. carotid artery
B. superior bulb of the internal jugular vein
C. facial nerve (CN VII)
D. head of the incus

A

A

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63
Q

The narrowest part of the middle ear is the:

A. epitympanum
B. hypotympanum
C. level of the umbo
D. tegmen tympani

A

C

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64
Q

The scala media ends as a blind duct known as

A. Helicotrema
B. Cecum cupulare
C. Modiolus
D. Round window

A

B

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65
Q

The stereocilia of the inner hair cells (?) of the inner ear arise from:

A. Reissner’s membrane
B. basilar membrane
C. tectorial membrane
D. secondary membrane

A

C

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66
Q

Deepest depression of the auricle

A

Concha

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67
Q

The elevated margin of the auricle

A

Helix

68
Q

The lobule is cartilagenous. T/F

A

F

It’s non-cartilagenous, consisting of fibrous tissue, fat and blood vessels.

69
Q

The arterial supply to the auricle

A

Posterior auricular and superior temoporal arteries

70
Q

The superior temporal artery is a terminal branch of which artery?

A

External carotid artery

71
Q

The nerves to the skin of the auricle

A

Great auricular and auriculotemporal nerves

72
Q

The auriculotemporal nerve is part of which cranial nerve?

A

CN V3

73
Q

The tongue-like projection overlapping the external acoustic meatus

A

Tragus

74
Q

Innervation of the cranial part and the posterior part of the lateral surface of the auricle

A

Great auricular nerve

75
Q

Innervation of the skin anterior to the external acoustic meatus

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

76
Q

The lymphatic drainage of the auticle

A

Superficial parotid lymph nodes, mastoid lymph nodes, deep cervical lymph nodes, and superficial cervical lymph nodes

77
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the lateral surface of the superior part of the auricle

A

Superficial parotid lymph nodes

78
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the cranial surface of the superior part of the auricle

A

Mastoid lymph nodes, and deep cervical lymph nodes

79
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the inferior half of the auricle

A

Superficial cervical lymph nodes

80
Q

Length of the external acoustic meatus

A

2-3 cm

81
Q

Which part of the EAM is bony?

A

Medial two-thirds

82
Q

The skin that lines the medial two-thirds of the EAM is continuous with the skin that lines the external layer of the tympanic membrane. T/F

A

T

83
Q

The lateral two-thirds of the EAM is slightly S-shaped and cartilaginous lined with skin continuous with the external layer of the tympanic membrane. T/F

A

F

It’s the lateral THIRD of the EAM that is slightly S-shaped and cartilagenous, lined with skin continuous with the AURICLE.

84
Q

Cerumen is produced by which structures?

A

Ceruminous and sebaceous glands in the subcutaneous tissue of the cartilagenous part of the meatus

85
Q

The ceruminous and sebaceous glands that produce cerumen are in the bony part of the meatus. T/F

A

F

They are in the cartilaginous part.

86
Q

Diameter of the tympanic membrane

A

Approximately 1cm

87
Q

The peak of the cone-like central depression of the tympanic membrane

A

Umbo

88
Q

Which bone is attached to the umbo?

A

Malleus

89
Q

The thin part of the tympanic membrane superior to the malleus is called the pars tense. T/F

A

F

It is the pars flaccid.

90
Q

The part of the tympanic membrane with the radial and circular fibers

A

Parse tense

91
Q

Nerve supply of the external surface of the tympanic membrane

A

Auriculotemporal nerve (V3) and some articular branch of vagus (CN X)

92
Q

Nerve supply of the internal surface of the tympanic membrane

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

93
Q

The tympanic cavity is the inner ear. T/F

A

F

It is the middle ear.

94
Q

In which bone is the tympanic cavity found?

A

Petrous part of the temporal bone

95
Q

Contents of the middle ear

A

Auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)
Stapedius and tensor tympani muscles
Chorda tympani nerve (CN VII)
Tympanic plexus of nerves

96
Q

Roof of the tympanic cavity

A

Tegmen tympani (tegmen wall)

97
Q

Floor of the tympanic cavity

A

Jugular wall

98
Q

Lateral wall of the tympanic cavity

A

Superior: bony wall of the epitympanic recess
Inferior: Tympanic membrane

99
Q

Medial wall of the tympanic cavity

A

Initial (basal) part of the cochlea, and the oval and round windows

100
Q

Posterior wall of the tympanic cavity

A

Mastoid antrum

101
Q

Anterior wall of the tympanic cavity

A

Carotid wall

102
Q

Function of the pharyngotympanic tube

A

Equalizes pressure in middle ear with atmospheric pressure to allow free movement of the tympanic membrane

103
Q

Ring of fibrocartilage that attaches the tympanic membrane to the bone

A

Anulus

104
Q

The space in the tympanic cavity superior to the tympanic membrane

A

Epitympanic recess

105
Q

Tensor veli palatini is superior to levator veli palatini. T/F

A

T

106
Q

Arteries of the pharyngotympanic tube

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery (from external carotid),

Middle meningeal artery and artery to the pterygoid canal (from maxillary artery)

107
Q

To which vein does the pharyngotympanic tube drain?

A

Pterygoid venous plexus

108
Q

Lymphanic drainage of the pharyngotympanic tube?

A

Deep cervical lymph nodes

109
Q

Nerves of the pharyngotympanic tube

A

Tympanic plexus (from CN IX) and anteriorly, pterygopalatine ganglion

110
Q

FIrst bones to fully ossify during development

A

Auditory ossicles

111
Q

The auditory ossicles are covered with the mucous membrane lining the tympanic cavity, but they lack a surrounding layer of osteogenic periosteum. T/F

A

T

112
Q

Which part of the malleus articulates with the incus?

A

Head

113
Q

Which nerve crosses the medial surface of the neck of the malleus?

A

Chorda tympani

114
Q

Which bone does the chorda tympani cross in the tympanic cavity?

A

Malleus, at the medal surface of neck

115
Q

Order of the auditory ossicles from tympanic membrane to oval window

A

Malleus, incus, stapes

116
Q

Articulation of the incus and stapes

A

Long limb of incus thru the lenticular processes, attach to the head of the stapes

117
Q

Smallest bone in the body

A

Stapes

118
Q

The base of the incus attaches to the oval window. T/F

A

F

It is the base of the STAPES.

119
Q

Importance of the base of the stapes being considerately smaller than the tympanic membrane

A

The vibratory force of the stapes is 10 times greater than that of the tympanic membrane

120
Q

The ossicles increase the amplitude, while increasing the force of the vibration transmitted from the tympanic membrane. T/F

A

F

The ossicles INCREASE THE FORCE, but DECREASE THE AMPLITUDE of the vibrations.

121
Q

Muscle that pulls the malleus handle medially to tense the tympanic membrane and reduce the amplitude of its oscillations

A

Tensor tympani

122
Q

Nerve of the tensor tympani

A

V3

123
Q

Muscle that prevents damage to the internal ear when exposed to loud sounds

A

Tensor tympani

124
Q

Muscle that pulls the stapes posteriorly and tilts its base in the oval window to tighten the anular ligament and reduce oscillatory range

A

Stapedius

125
Q

Nerve to stapedius

A

CN VII

126
Q

Muscle that prevents excessive movement of the stapes

A

Stapedius

127
Q

Muscles that protect the tympanic membrane from loud sounds

A

Tensor tympani and stapedius

128
Q

Bone that houses the internal ear

A

Petrous part of the temporal bone

129
Q

Organ for sound and balance

A

Vestibulocochlear organ

130
Q

Attachments of the stapes

A

Incus long limb and oval (elliptical) window

131
Q

Fluid in the membranous labyrinth

A

Endolymph

132
Q

Fluid of the bony labrytinth

A

Perilymph

133
Q

Cavities that consist the bony labyrinth

A

Cochlea, vestibule, semi-circular canals

134
Q

The bone surrounding the bony labyrinth

A

Otic capsule

135
Q

The shell-shaped part of the bony labyrinth

A

Cochlea

136
Q

Number of turns the spiral canal of the cochlea makes around the modiolus

A

2.5

137
Q

The bony core of the cochlea

A

Modiolus

138
Q

Which closes the round window

A

Secondary tympanic membrane

139
Q

On which part of the bony labyrinth is the round window

A

Cochlea

140
Q

On which part of the bony labyrinth is the oval windos

A

Vestibule (lateral wall)

141
Q

Parts of the vestibule

A

Saccule and utricle

142
Q

The vestibular aqueduct opens to which passage?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

143
Q

The three semi-circular canals

A

Superior, posterior, lateral

144
Q

Which semi-circular canals have a common limb?

A

Anterior and posterior

145
Q

The swelling at the end of the semi-circular canals that open into the vestibule

A

Bony ampulla

146
Q

The endolymph is similar in composition with the extracellular fluid. T/F

A

F

It is similar with the INTRACELLULAR fluid. The perilymph is similar with the extracellular fluid.

147
Q

The thickening of th periosteal lining of the cochlea that secures the cochlear duct to the cochlea

A

Spiral ligament

148
Q

The utricle communicates with the saccule through this duct

A

Utriculosaccular duct

149
Q

The endolymphatic duct arises from this duct

A

Utriculoaccular duct

150
Q

What are maculae?

A

Specialized areas of sensory epithelium in the utricle and saccule

151
Q

Location of macula of the saccule

A

Medial wall of saccule

152
Q

Location of macula of the utricle

A

Floor of the utricle

153
Q

Innervation of hair cells in the maculae

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

154
Q

Function of endolymphatic sac

A

Storage for excess endolymph

155
Q

The sensory area in the semi-circular canals

A

Ampullary crest

156
Q

What does the ampullary crest sense?

A

Movements of the endolymph in the ampulla

157
Q

The semilunar communication at the apex of the cochlea

A

Helicotrema

158
Q

The waves of hydraulic pressure created in the perilymph of the vestibule by the vibrations of the base of the stapes ascend to the apex of the cochlea through which channel

A

Scala vestibuli

159
Q

The pressure waves pass through the helicotrema to the basal turn of the cochlea through this channel

A

Scala tympani

160
Q

What forms the roof of the cochlear duct?

A

Vestibular membrane

161
Q

What forms the floor of the cochlear duct?

A

Basilar membrane

162
Q

Receptor of auditory stimuli

A

Spiral organ of Corti

163
Q

What overlies the organ of Corti?

A

Tectorial membrane

164
Q

The internal acoustic meatus is closed laterally by a thin, perforated plate of bone that separates it from the internal ear. T/F

A

T

165
Q

Which structures pass through the plate of the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CN VII, CN VIII, its divisions and blood vessels.

166
Q

The vestibulocochlear nerve divides near the lateral end ot the internal acoustic meatus into which branches?

A

Vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve

Head and Neck (12 decks)

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