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General Anatomy > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

0
Q

Parts of the incus

A

Body of incus, long and short limbs

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1
Q

Parts of the malleus

A

Head of, neck of , anterior and lateral process, handle of malleus

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2
Q

Most medial bone of the osseus chain

A

Stapes

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3
Q

Largest ossicle

A

Malleus

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4
Q

Parts of the stapes

A

Head of, anterior and posterior limbs, base of stapes

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5
Q

What does the head if stapes articulate with

A

Long limb of incus

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6
Q

2 muscles associated with the ossicles

A

Stapedius and tensor tympani

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7
Q

Location of tensor tympani

A

Lies in bony canal above the pharyngotympanic tube, g w of shpenoid, own body canal and inserts into the handle of malleus

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8
Q

Innervation of tensor tympani

A

Branch from the mandibular nerve

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9
Q

Contraction of tensor tympani

A

Pulls handle of m medially and so tensing the tympanic membrane

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10
Q

Location if Stapedius

A

Inside the pyramidal eminence in mastoid wall

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11
Q

Innervation of Stapedius

A

Branch from the facial nerve

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12
Q

Contraction of Stapedius

A

Pulls stapes posteriorly and prevents excessive oscillation

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13
Q

Supply to middle ear

A

1) tympanic branch of the maxillary artery
2) mastoid branch from the occipital and posterior auricular arteries
3) middle meaning earl a,
4) artery of the pterygpid canal and
5) tympanic branch of the internal carotid artery

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14
Q

Venous drainage of middle ear

A

Pterygpid plexus of veins

Superior petrosal sinus

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15
Q

Innervation of middle ear

A

1) tympanic plexus by tympanic nerve from glossopharyngeal n and branches of the internal carotid plexus

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16
Q

Location of tympanic plexus

A

Promontory

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17
Q

Another name for the plexus of nerves surrounding the internal carotid artery

A

Catoticotympanic plexus

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18
Q

What does the tympanic plexus innervatate

A

Pharyngotympanic tube , mucous membranes of the middle ear, mastoid area

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19
Q

What major branch does the tympanic plexus give off

A

Lesser petrosal nerve into the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion (exits through foremen ovale)

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20
Q

Location of inner ear

A

In the petrous part of the temporal bone and between the labyrinthine wall and internal acoustic meatus

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21
Q

3 parts of the bony labyrinth

A

1) vestibule
2) semicircular canals
3) cochlea

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22
Q

Bony labyrinth lined by

A

Periosteum

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23
Q

B.L contains

A

Perilymph

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24
Q

6 parts of the membranous labyrinth

A

Cochlear DUCT
Lateral anterior and posterior semicircular DUCTS
Utricle
Saccule

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25
Q

Organs of balance

A

SC DUCTS
utricle
Saccule

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26
Q

Innervation of ML

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve and divides after entering the internal acoustic meatus

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27
Q

Central part of the bony labyrinth

A

Vestibule

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28
Q

Narrow canal leaving vestibule into the posterior surface of petrous part of temporal bone

A

Vestibular aqueduct

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29
Q

Dilated end of semicircular canals

A

Ampulla

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30
Q

Each canal is in ____ angles to the other two

A

Right

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31
Q

How many twists does the cochlea turn

A

2 1/2 or 2 3/4 times around the central column off bone

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32
Q

The central column of bone in cochlea

A

Modiolus

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33
Q

Thin lamina of bone entering laterally throughout the length of Modiolus

A

Lamina of Modiolus / spiral lamina

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34
Q

Attachéd to the lamina and held on central position circling around Modiolus

A

Cochlear duct

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35
Q

2 canals of the cochlear duct

A

1) scala vestibuli

2) scala tympani

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36
Q

Narrow slit where canals are continuous with each other in cochlea

A

Helicotrema

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37
Q

Scala tympani is continuous with

A

The secondary tympanic membrane covering round window

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38
Q

Small channel near round window that opens into the posterior cranial fossa and is a connection between peri lymph and subarachnoid space

A

Cochlear canaliculus

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39
Q

5 structures that form the vestibular apparatus (organ of balance )

A

Utricle, saccule and 3 SC DUCTS

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40
Q

Organ of hearing

A

Cochlear duct

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41
Q

Larger sac

A

Utricle

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42
Q

Oval,

Elongated and irregular in shape in post sup part of vestibule

A

Utricle

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43
Q

3 SC DUCTS empty into

A

Utricle

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44
Q

Smaller rounded sac lying in the antinf part vestibule of BL

A

Saccule

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45
Q

Cochlear duct empties into

A

Saccule

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46
Q

Connects utricle and saccule

A

Atriculosaccular duct

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47
Q

Branches from the atriculosaccular duct and enters vestibular aqueduct

A

Endolymphatic duct

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48
Q

Channel through the temporal bone

A

Vestibular aqueduct

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49
Q

An extradural pouch in the posterior aspect f the petrous part of the temporal bone

A

Endolymphatic sac

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50
Q

Sense organ of utricle and saccule

A

Macula of utricle and saccule

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51
Q

Sense organ in the ampulla of the SC Ducts

A

Crista

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52
Q

Utricle responds to

A

Centrifugal and vertical acceleration

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53
Q

Saccule responds to

A

Linear acceleration

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54
Q

Receptors in 3 SC ducts respond to

A

Movement in any direction

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55
Q

Central bony core of the cochlea

A

Modiolus

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56
Q

Shape of cochlear duct

A

Triangular

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57
Q

Outer wall against the bony cochlea consisting of thickened epithelial lined periosteum

A

Spiral ligament

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58
Q

Roof of the cochlear duct which separates endolymph in the cochlear duct from the peri lymph in the scala vestibuli

A

Vestibular surface membrane

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59
Q

Floor of the cochlear duct which separates endolymph from peri lymph in scala tympani which contains lamina and a ____ to the spiral ligament

A

Basilar membrane

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60
Q

Organ of hearing that rests on the basilar membrane and projects into cochlear duct

A

Spiral organ / organ of corti

61
Q

Arterial supply of the internal ear : BL

A

1) anterior tympanic branch from the maxillary artery
2) stylomastoid branch from posterior auricular artery
3) petrosal branch from middle memo heal artery

62
Q

Arterial supply of the internal ear : ML

A

Labyrinthine artery from anterior inferior cerebellar artery or direct branch from basilar artery

63
Q

Labyrinthine enters through

A

Internal acoustic meatus and divides cochlear branch to CD and vestibular branches VA

64
Q

Venous drainage of ML

A

Vestibular veins and cochlear veins and come together to form labyrinthine artery which empties into the IPS or SS

65
Q

Innervation of Inner ear

A

Vestibular nerve

Cochlear nerve

66
Q

Vestibular nerve does what in the vestibule

A

Enlarges to form vestibular ganglion and divides into superior and inferior parts to supply utricle saccule and 3 SCD

67
Q

Cochlear nerve innervates

A

Spiral organ

68
Q

What structures pass through the internal acoustic meatus

A

Facial nerve
Labyrinthine artery
Vestibulocochlear nerve

69
Q

Enlargement of the facial nerve,

A

Geniculate ganglion

70
Q

Facial nerve exists the skull through

A

Stylomastoid foremen

71
Q

Branches of the facial nerve

A

Greater petrosal nerve
Nerve to Stapedius and
chorda tympani

72
Q

Chords tympani passes through which 2 osscicles

A

Malleus and incus

73
Q

How does the chords tympani nerve exit the skull

A

Petrotympanic fissure

74
Q

How does the tympanic membrane move when sound strikes

75
Q

Handle of malleus moves

76
Q

Head of malleus moves

77
Q

Head of incus moves

78
Q

Long process of incus moves

79
Q

Head of stapes moves

80
Q

Oval window moves

81
Q

Characteristic of the sound wave

A

Large amplitude
Low force
Airborne

82
Q

Characteristic of the wave after it enters the tympanic membrane

A

Small amplitude
High force
Vibrations

83
Q

What happens after the wave causes the 2ndary TM of the round window to bulge

A

Basilar membrane vibrates which leads to the stimulation of receptor cells in the spiral organ

84
Q

What does the contraction of the muscles do

A

Dampen vibration

Decrease the force of vibrations reaching oval window

85
Q

Projects on the side of head

86
Q

Outside rim

87
Q

Only part attached to helix not supported by cartilage

88
Q

Hollow center

A

Concha of auricle

89
Q

Elevation ant to opening

90
Q

Opposite to elevation

A

Anti tragus

91
Q

Smaller curved rim parallel to helix

92
Q

Changes shape f auricle

A

Intrinsic muscle

93
Q

Length of EAM

A

2.5 cm or 1”

94
Q

How to examine the EAM

A

Pull pos sup slightly lateral

95
Q

Layers of the tympanic membrane

A

Skin, connective tissue core and mucous membrane

96
Q

Attaches TM to tympanic part of temporal bone

A

Fibrocartilaginous ring

97
Q

Tympanic membrane position.

A

At an angle sloping medially from top to bottom and posteriorly tonanteriorly inf ant

98
Q

Cartilaginous part of EAM

A

Lateral 1/3

99
Q

Wat produces cerumen

A

Modified sweat glands

100
Q

Where is the cone of light found

A

Anteroonferior to the unbo of tympanic membrane

101
Q

Most superior part to umbo

A

Lateral process of malleus

102
Q

Folds found in the internal surface of membrane

A

Posterior and anterior malleolar folds

103
Q

Superior to fold on TM

A

Pars flaccida

104
Q

Rest of he taut TM

A

Pars tensa

105
Q

Characteristic appearance of TM

A

Gray reddish tinge and translucent

106
Q

Three illnesses of the ear

A

Otitis media , externa, interna
Trauma infection
Mastoiditis
Osteomyelitis

107
Q

Where does the chorda tympani nerve pass in TM

A

Upper 1/3 of TM

108
Q

Air filled mucous membrane lines in temporal bone

A

Middle ear

109
Q

Two parts of the middle ear

A

Tympanic cavity and epitymPanic recess

110
Q

Middle ear communicates with

A

Mastoid area pos and nasopharynx ant

111
Q

Roof of middle ear

A

Tegmental wall

112
Q

Tegmen tympani separates

A

Middle ear from middle cranial fossa

113
Q

Floor of middle ear

A

Jugular wall

114
Q

Thin layer of bone than separates the ME from the internal jugular vein

A

Mastoid air cells

115
Q

Opening in floor

A

Tympanic branch from the glossopharyngeal nerve

116
Q

Lateral wall

A

Membranous wall

117
Q

Posterior wall

A

Mastoid wall

118
Q

Lower part of the mastoid wall has a bony partition that separates the

A

Mastoid air cells from tympanic cavity

119
Q

Three openings on the mastoid wall

A

Aditus to the mastoid Antrum
Pyramidal eminence
Entrance of chorda tympani nerve to ME

120
Q

Small elevation of tendon of Stapedius muscle

A

Pyramidal eminence

121
Q

Thin layer of bone that separates Tcavity from I J V found in

A

Anterior wall

122
Q

Three openings on anterior wall

A

Large entrance of the pharyngotympanic tube
Smaller canal for tensor tympani muscle
Fora men for Chorda tympani nerve exit

123
Q

Lateral wall of ME

A

Labyrinthine wall

124
Q

Rounded bulge

A

Promontory

125
Q

What forms the promontory

A

Basal coil of cochlea

126
Q

Nerves on promontory

A

Tympanic plexus

127
Q

Contribute to tympanic plexus

A

Tympanic nerve from the glossopharyngeal nerve and internal carotid plexus

128
Q

Tympanic plexus innervates

A

Pharyngotympanic tube
Mucous membranes of the ME
Mastoid area

129
Q

Tympanic plexus gives rise to

A

Lesser petrosal nerve

130
Q

Postsup to promontory and point of attachment to footplate

A

Oval window

131
Q

Postinf to promontory

A

Round window

132
Q

Ridge of bone produced by facial nerve

A

Prominence of facial canal

133
Q

Post and sup to oval window

A

Prominence of facial canal

134
Q

Above and posterior prominence of facial canal

A

Prominence of LATERAL semicircular canal - broader ridge of bone

135
Q

Air filled spaces

A

Mastoid cells

136
Q

Tegmen tympani separates the middle cranial fossa from

A

Mastoid Antrum

Middle ear

137
Q

Nerves for the outer auriCle

A

Great auricular nerve from cervical plexus
Lesser occipital nerve from cervical plexus
Auriculotemporal branch of the mandibular nerve

138
Q

Innervation of deep auricle

A

Facial nerve

Vagus nerve

139
Q

Arterial supply of auricle

A

External carotid a gives posterior auricular a

Superficial temporal artery gives ant auricular branches

Occipital artery supplies a branch

140
Q

Lymph drainage of auricle

A

Mastoid nodes
Parotid nodes
Upper deep cervical nodes

141
Q

Innervation of external acoustic meatus- 3

A

Branches of Auriculotemporal N from mandibular nerve
Auricular branch of vagus nerve
Branches from facial nerve

142
Q

Innervation of tympanic membrane

A 
Skin -  Auriculotemporal n from v3 
Auricular branch of  vagus nerve 
Small contribution to auricular branch from facial n
Glossopharyngeal n
Mm- glossopharyngeal n
143
Q

Innervation of the pharyngotympanic tube

A

Tympanic plexus from tympanic nerve which is a branch of the glossopharyngeal n

144
Q

supply to pharyngotympanic tube

A

1) Ascending pharyngeal artery from external carotid a

2) 2 branches of the maxillary artery - middle meningeal artery and artery of the pterygoid canal

145
Q

Venous drainage of pharyngotympanic tube

A

Pterygoid plexus of veins

146
Q

Tensor tympani innervates by

A

Branch of mandibular nerve

147
Q

Stapedius innervates by

A

Branch of facial nerve

148
Q

Middle ear Innervation

A

Tympanic plexus- tump n - g n + internal carotid plexus

149
Q

Supply to mE

A

Tympanic branch of Maxillary artery
Mastoid branch of occipital A or post auricular artery

Mma, a of pterygpid can, tymp branches from internal carotid arteries

150
Q

Venous drainage of me

A

Ppv and sps

General Anatomy (2 decks)

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