Ear Flashcards
0
Q
Parts of the incus
A
Body of incus, long and short limbs
1
Q
Parts of the malleus
A
Head of, neck of , anterior and lateral process, handle of malleus
2
Q
Most medial bone of the osseus chain
A
Stapes
3
Q
Largest ossicle
A
Malleus
4
Q
Parts of the stapes
A
Head of, anterior and posterior limbs, base of stapes
5
Q
What does the head if stapes articulate with
A
Long limb of incus
6
Q
2 muscles associated with the ossicles
A
Stapedius and tensor tympani
7
Q
Location of tensor tympani
A
Lies in bony canal above the pharyngotympanic tube, g w of shpenoid, own body canal and inserts into the handle of malleus
8
Q
Innervation of tensor tympani
A
Branch from the mandibular nerve
9
Q
Contraction of tensor tympani
A
Pulls handle of m medially and so tensing the tympanic membrane
10
Q
Location if Stapedius
A
Inside the pyramidal eminence in mastoid wall
11
Q
Innervation of Stapedius
A
Branch from the facial nerve
12
Q
Contraction of Stapedius
A
Pulls stapes posteriorly and prevents excessive oscillation
13
Q
Supply to middle ear
A
1) tympanic branch of the maxillary artery
2) mastoid branch from the occipital and posterior auricular arteries
3) middle meaning earl a,
4) artery of the pterygpid canal and
5) tympanic branch of the internal carotid artery
14
Q
Venous drainage of middle ear
A
Pterygpid plexus of veins
Superior petrosal sinus
15
Q
Innervation of middle ear
A
1) tympanic plexus by tympanic nerve from glossopharyngeal n and branches of the internal carotid plexus
16
Q
Location of tympanic plexus
A
Promontory
17
Q
Another name for the plexus of nerves surrounding the internal carotid artery
A
Catoticotympanic plexus
18
Q
What does the tympanic plexus innervatate
A
Pharyngotympanic tube , mucous membranes of the middle ear, mastoid area
19
Q
What major branch does the tympanic plexus give off
A
Lesser petrosal nerve into the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion (exits through foremen ovale)
20
Q
Location of inner ear
A
In the petrous part of the temporal bone and between the labyrinthine wall and internal acoustic meatus
21
Q
3 parts of the bony labyrinth
A
1) vestibule
2) semicircular canals
3) cochlea
22
Q
Bony labyrinth lined by
A
Periosteum
23
Q
B.L contains
A
Perilymph
24
6 parts of the membranous labyrinth
Cochlear DUCT
Lateral anterior and posterior semicircular DUCTS
Utricle
Saccule
25
Organs of balance
SC DUCTS
utricle
Saccule
26
Innervation of ML
Vestibulocochlear nerve and divides after entering the internal acoustic meatus
27
Central part of the bony labyrinth
Vestibule
28
Narrow canal leaving vestibule into the posterior surface of petrous part of temporal bone
Vestibular aqueduct
29
Dilated end of semicircular canals
Ampulla
30
Each canal is in ____ angles to the other two
Right
31
How many twists does the cochlea turn
2 1/2 or 2 3/4 times around the central column off bone
32
The central column of bone in cochlea
Modiolus
33
Thin lamina of bone entering laterally throughout the length of Modiolus
Lamina of Modiolus / spiral lamina
34
Attachéd to the lamina and held on central position circling around Modiolus
Cochlear duct
35
2 canals of the cochlear duct
1) scala vestibuli
| 2) scala tympani
36
Narrow slit where canals are continuous with each other in cochlea
Helicotrema
37
Scala tympani is continuous with
The secondary tympanic membrane covering round window
38
Small channel near round window that opens into the posterior cranial fossa and is a connection between peri lymph and subarachnoid space
Cochlear canaliculus
39
5 structures that form the vestibular apparatus (organ of balance )
Utricle, saccule and 3 SC DUCTS
40
Organ of hearing
Cochlear duct
41
Larger sac
Utricle
42
Oval,
| Elongated and irregular in shape in post sup part of vestibule
Utricle
43
3 SC DUCTS empty into
Utricle
44
Smaller rounded sac lying in the antinf part vestibule of BL
Saccule
45
Cochlear duct empties into
Saccule
46
Connects utricle and saccule
Atriculosaccular duct
47
Branches from the atriculosaccular duct and enters vestibular aqueduct
Endolymphatic duct
48
Channel through the temporal bone
Vestibular aqueduct
49
An extradural pouch in the posterior aspect f the petrous part of the temporal bone
Endolymphatic sac
50
Sense organ of utricle and saccule
Macula of utricle and saccule
51
Sense organ in the ampulla of the SC Ducts
Crista
52
Utricle responds to
Centrifugal and vertical acceleration
53
Saccule responds to
Linear acceleration
54
Receptors in 3 SC ducts respond to
Movement in any direction
55
Central bony core of the cochlea
Modiolus
56
Shape of cochlear duct
Triangular
57
Outer wall against the bony cochlea consisting of thickened epithelial lined periosteum
Spiral ligament
58
Roof of the cochlear duct which separates endolymph in the cochlear duct from the peri lymph in the scala vestibuli
Vestibular surface membrane
59
Floor of the cochlear duct which separates endolymph from peri lymph in scala tympani which contains lamina and a ____ to the spiral ligament
Basilar membrane
60
Organ of hearing that rests on the basilar membrane and projects into cochlear duct
Spiral organ / organ of corti
61
Arterial supply of the internal ear : BL
1) anterior tympanic branch from the maxillary artery
2) stylomastoid branch from posterior auricular artery
3) petrosal branch from middle memo heal artery
62
Arterial supply of the internal ear : ML
Labyrinthine artery from anterior inferior cerebellar artery or direct branch from basilar artery
63
Labyrinthine enters through
Internal acoustic meatus and divides cochlear branch to CD and vestibular branches VA
64
Venous drainage of ML
Vestibular veins and cochlear veins and come together to form labyrinthine artery which empties into the IPS or SS
65
Innervation of Inner ear
Vestibular nerve
| Cochlear nerve
66
Vestibular nerve does what in the vestibule
Enlarges to form vestibular ganglion and divides into superior and inferior parts to supply utricle saccule and 3 SCD
67
Cochlear nerve innervates
Spiral organ
68
What structures pass through the internal acoustic meatus
Facial nerve
Labyrinthine artery
Vestibulocochlear nerve
69
Enlargement of the facial nerve,
Geniculate ganglion
70
Facial nerve exists the skull through
Stylomastoid foremen
71
Branches of the facial nerve
Greater petrosal nerve
Nerve to Stapedius and
chorda tympani
72
Chords tympani passes through which 2 osscicles
Malleus and incus
73
How does the chords tympani nerve exit the skull
Petrotympanic fissure
74
How does the tympanic membrane move when sound strikes
Medially
75
Handle of malleus moves
Medially
76
Head of malleus moves
Laterally
77
Head of incus moves
Laterally
78
Long process of incus moves
Medially
79
Head of stapes moves
Medially
80
Oval window moves
Medially
81
Characteristic of the sound wave
Large amplitude
Low force
Airborne
82
Characteristic of the wave after it enters the tympanic membrane
Small amplitude
High force
Vibrations
83
What happens after the wave causes the 2ndary TM of the round window to bulge
Basilar membrane vibrates which leads to the stimulation of receptor cells in the spiral organ
84
What does the contraction of the muscles do
Dampen vibration
| Decrease the force of vibrations reaching oval window
85
Projects on the side of head
Auricle
86
Outside rim
Helix
87
Only part attached to helix not supported by cartilage
Lobule
88
Hollow center
Concha of auricle
89
Elevation ant to opening
Trafus
90
Opposite to elevation
Anti tragus
91
Smaller curved rim parallel to helix
Antihelix
92
Changes shape f auricle
Intrinsic muscle
93
Length of EAM
2.5 cm or 1"
94
How to examine the EAM
Pull pos sup slightly lateral
95
Layers of the tympanic membrane
Skin, connective tissue core and mucous membrane
96
Attaches TM to tympanic part of temporal bone
Fibrocartilaginous ring
97
Tympanic membrane position.
At an angle sloping medially from top to bottom and posteriorly tonanteriorly inf ant
98
Cartilaginous part of EAM
Lateral 1/3
99
Wat produces cerumen
Modified sweat glands
100
Where is the cone of light found
Anteroonferior to the unbo of tympanic membrane
101
Most superior part to umbo
Lateral process of malleus
102
Folds found in the internal surface of membrane
Posterior and anterior malleolar folds
103
Superior to fold on TM
Pars flaccida
104
Rest of he taut TM
Pars tensa
105
Characteristic appearance of TM
Gray reddish tinge and translucent
106
Three illnesses of the ear
Otitis media , externa, interna
Trauma infection
Mastoiditis
Osteomyelitis
107
Where does the chorda tympani nerve pass in TM
Upper 1/3 of TM
108
Air filled mucous membrane lines in temporal bone
Middle ear
109
Two parts of the middle ear
Tympanic cavity and epitymPanic recess
110
Middle ear communicates with
Mastoid area pos and nasopharynx ant
111
Roof of middle ear
Tegmental wall
112
Tegmen tympani separates
Middle ear from middle cranial fossa
113
Floor of middle ear
Jugular wall
114
Thin layer of bone than separates the ME from the internal jugular vein
Mastoid air cells
115
Opening in floor
Tympanic branch from the glossopharyngeal nerve
116
Lateral wall
Membranous wall
117
Posterior wall
Mastoid wall
118
Lower part of the mastoid wall has a bony partition that separates the
Mastoid air cells from tympanic cavity
119
Three openings on the mastoid wall
Aditus to the mastoid Antrum
Pyramidal eminence
Entrance of chorda tympani nerve to ME
120
Small elevation of tendon of Stapedius muscle
Pyramidal eminence
121
Thin layer of bone that separates Tcavity from I J V found in
Anterior wall
122
Three openings on anterior wall
Large entrance of the pharyngotympanic tube
Smaller canal for tensor tympani muscle
Fora men for Chorda tympani nerve exit
123
Lateral wall of ME
Labyrinthine wall
124
Rounded bulge
Promontory
125
What forms the promontory
Basal coil of cochlea
126
Nerves on promontory
Tympanic plexus
127
Contribute to tympanic plexus
Tympanic nerve from the glossopharyngeal nerve and internal carotid plexus
128
Tympanic plexus innervates
Pharyngotympanic tube
Mucous membranes of the ME
Mastoid area
129
Tympanic plexus gives rise to
Lesser petrosal nerve
130
Postsup to promontory and point of attachment to footplate
Oval window
131
Postinf to promontory
Round window
132
Ridge of bone produced by facial nerve
Prominence of facial canal
133
Post and sup to oval window
Prominence of facial canal
134
Above and posterior prominence of facial canal
Prominence of LATERAL semicircular canal - broader ridge of bone
135
Air filled spaces
Mastoid cells
136
Tegmen tympani separates the middle cranial fossa from
Mastoid Antrum
| Middle ear
137
Nerves for the outer auriCle
Great auricular nerve from cervical plexus
Lesser occipital nerve from cervical plexus
Auriculotemporal branch of the mandibular nerve
138
Innervation of deep auricle
Facial nerve
| Vagus nerve
139
Arterial supply of auricle
External carotid a gives posterior auricular a
Superficial temporal artery gives ant auricular branches
Occipital artery supplies a branch
140
Lymph drainage of auricle
Mastoid nodes
Parotid nodes
Upper deep cervical nodes
141
Innervation of external acoustic meatus- 3
Branches of Auriculotemporal N from mandibular nerve
Auricular branch of vagus nerve
Branches from facial nerve
142
Innervation of tympanic membrane
```
Skin - Auriculotemporal n from v3
Auricular branch of vagus nerve
Small contribution to auricular branch from facial n
Glossopharyngeal n
Mm- glossopharyngeal n
```
143
Innervation of the pharyngotympanic tube
Tympanic plexus from tympanic nerve which is a branch of the glossopharyngeal n
144
supply to pharyngotympanic tube
1) Ascending pharyngeal artery from external carotid a
| 2) 2 branches of the maxillary artery - middle meningeal artery and artery of the pterygoid canal
145
Venous drainage of pharyngotympanic tube
Pterygoid plexus of veins
146
Tensor tympani innervates by
Branch of mandibular nerve
147
Stapedius innervates by
Branch of facial nerve
148
Middle ear Innervation
Tympanic plexus- tump n - g n + internal carotid plexus
149
Supply to mE
Tympanic branch of Maxillary artery
Mastoid branch of occipital A or post auricular artery
Mma, a of pterygpid can, tymp branches from internal carotid arteries
150
Venous drainage of me
Ppv and sps
