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Special Sense Histology > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
_________________
External ear formed of?

A

Aurcile
External auditory meatus
Tympanic membrane

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2
Q

(Tympanic cavity)
It is an air filled space located in the …….
part of the temporal bone. It communicates
posteriorly with the ……….. &
anter.
with the …………..

A

Petrous temporal
__________
post = Mastoid air siuses
Ant = Auidtory eustichain tube

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3
Q

irregular plate of elastic
cartilage, covered by skin in external ear ?

A

Auricle

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4
Q

ceruminous glands
appears in ?
mention its strucute

A

External audiotry meatus
______________________
1/3 cartilage outer
2/3 bone inner
covered by skin + cerminuous glands

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5
Q

Mention structure and function of Tympanic membrane

A

Formed of :
Oute epidemirs stratifed squamous epithleium
Inner Simple squamous or cuboidal
In between there is collagen and elastic fibers
___________________
Transmit sound waves to osicles of middle ear

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6
Q

The wall of the auditory tube is usually
collapsed . Swallowing.
-It opens during

A

1-Swallowing
2-Yawning
3- Blowing of nose
releiving the pressure

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7
Q

Bony osicles lined by
but middle ear cavity lined by?

A

Simple sqquamous
simple cubical

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8
Q

Mention contents of middle ear

A

2 Windows :
Round and Oval window closed by membranes connecting the middle to inner ear
_______________________
3Osicles : Malleus ,incus , stapes
connecting the tympanic membrane to oval window
_________________________
2muscles :
Tensor tympani : connected to Malleus
Stapedius connected to stapes

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9
Q

Mention functions of osicles

A

Magnification of Vibration received from tympanic membrane to reach properly to inner ear

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10
Q

Mention fucntions of muscles found in middle ear

A

Loud noise casuing contratcion of these muscles that leads to limit movement of stapes + tympanic membrane to protect inner Ear

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11
Q

Inner ear formed of ?

A

Auditory apparatus
Vestivular apparatus
- Bony labryinth + membranous labryinth

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12
Q

Bony labryinth formed of ?

A

Series of spaces in temporal bone
Lined by ?endosteum
Filled with perilymph
_______________
formed of
Vestibule + semicirucular canals =Vestibualr
Choclea = auditory

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13
Q

Membranous labryinth formed of ?

A

Ducts lining the bony labryinth
filled with endolymph Poor Na Rich K
Contains neuroepithelium for special sensory function
Formed of :
1-Saccule + utricle of vestibule
2-Semicircular ducts inside canals
Choclear duct

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14
Q

The vestibule
It is the ……part of the
bony labyrinth.

Its lateral wall contains
…….+…?
It contains the membranous labyrinth :
…..+…..?

A

Central
________
ROund + Oval windows
__________
Saccule + utricle

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15
Q

UTRICLE & SACCULE
*They are formed of…………+……………
*They are bound to the periosteum of the bony
vestibule by thin strands of ……………………..?
*They are connected to each other by the
??????????? duct.

A

Connective tissue + Simple squamous lining
___________________________________
Connective tissue containing blood vessels supplying membranous labryinth
Urticulosaccular duct

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16
Q

How endolymatic sac formed and what is the function

A

Ducts of utricle + Saccule union fomring endolympahtic duct then endolymphatic sac for
1-Fomration of endolymph
2-Clearing debris from the endolymph by phagocytes

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17
Q

Ductrs reunions connects

A

Saccule + Choclea

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18
Q

Detecting the orientation of head inrelation to gravity + acceleration

A

Maculae
Macula of saccule
Maculea of utricle

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19
Q

Mention strucute of Mauclea

A

Neuroepithelium =
Hair cells + supporting cells + Nerve endings

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20
Q

Compare between type 1 and 2 hair cells Of macula

A

1: flask + cup free nerve ending surrounding the cell
2: columnar + many afferent free nerve endings

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21
Q

Both 1 - 2 types of hair cells contains : ?

A

Kinocillium modified cilium with 9 dobulet no central singlets
Parallel to it Sterocilia the longest one is near Kinocillium
Many effernt nerve endings
Mitochondria + supranuclear golgi apparatus

22
Q

Describe supporting cells of Neuroepithelium of macula

A

Columnar with basal nuclei and microvilli apical with complexjunctions in between
Inbetween hair cells to support

23
Q

Mention function of Supporting cells of neuroepithelium of macukla

A

Nutrition of hair cells
Formation of Endolymph + Otolithic membrane

24
Q

Define otolithic membran

A

Gelatinous membran of glycoproteins and has otolithi or otoconia of calcium carrbonate on its surface

25
Q

*Function of the maculae:

A

Linear movement of head=
displacement of endolymph =disturb the position of otolith =
bending sterocilia=
action potential =
dendrite bipolar nerve cells inthe vestibulochoclear ganglion=
veestibular part of vestibulochoclear nerve=brain stem and cerebellum

26
Q

*Semicircular canals
Three long semicircular canals: superior,
posterior & lateral.
They arise and return to the vestibule , but two
of them share an opening , so, there are 5
orifices not 6.

A

They are oriented at right angle to one another.
-Each one is expanded at one end (ampulla).
Its membranous labyrinth is called: the
semicircular ducts, containing endolymph.

27
Q

-The receptor area is located in the ampulla of
the semicircular ducts , and is called the …………? ( perpendicular to the long axis of
the duct) .

A

Crista ampullaris

28
Q

How is the srtucute of crista ampullaris different from that of macula ?

A

The glycoprotein layer is called Cupula and there is no otolith

29
Q

Mention function of crista ampullaris

A

detect angular acceleration
hrad rotation in 3d space
casuing movment of endolymph and sterocilia causing impulses to vestibular part of Vestibulochoclear nerve

30
Q

*It is a hollow bony spiral tube.
*It turns upon itself like a snail shell 2 ½ times
around a central bony column (the modiolus).

A

choclea

31
Q

Osseus spiral lamina extends from ,,,, >
traversing >?

A

Modioulus
Traversing:
1-blood vessels
2-spiral ganglion
3-Choclear part of vestibulochoclear nerve

32
Q

chochlear duct separated from periolymhp by?

A

2membrane
Vestibular and basilar membranes

33
Q

Vestibular membrane describe

A

ressiner’s membrane
Formed of 2 layers of squamous epithelium separated from each other by basment membrane
it is the roof of choclear duct

34
Q

describe basilar membrane

A

floor of choclear duct
extending from ossues spiral lamina a modilous to Spiral ligament at lateral wall supporting Organ of Corti

35
Q

*Above the vestibular membrane is called “the
scala vestibuli
*Below the basilar membrane is called “the
scala tympani “
.

*Both compartments communicate via an
opening called the ………, near the apex of
cochlea.

A

Helicotrema

36
Q

*Scala tympani communicates with the middle ear through the ???

A

round window

37
Q

Area of pseudostratidied epitehlium coveing the spiral ligmanet at lareal wall of choclear duct > ?

A

Stria Vascularis
Contains intraepithelial pleux of capillaries

38
Q

characteristic ionic
composition of endolymph due to ?

A

Stria vasuclaris ion transporting cells

39
Q

Covered by intradental cells ?

A

Spiral limbus

40
Q

Internal spiral tunnel covered by ?

A

Spiral limbus

41
Q

SPiral limbus is ?

A

Connective tissue coveing osseus spiral lamina bulging into the Salca media or Choclear duct

42
Q

Specialized receptor organ for hearing is?

A

Organ of Corti

43
Q

Site and compostiton of organ of corti >

A

Site basilar membrane of Choclear duct
Strucute : formed of hair cells + supporting cells

44
Q

Compare between inner and oute hair cells of organ of corti

A

Inner :
Flask shaped small
One row of cells supported by inner phlangeal cells
50 apicl sterocillia
Theri base synapses with afferents
outer:
COlumnar tall
3-4 rows supported by outer phlangeal celsl
100 apical sterocilia
3-4 rows supported by outer phlangeal cells
their base synapse with afferent and efferents

45
Q

Tectorial membrane embedding the sterocilia of hair cells of organ of corti secreted by?

A

iNTRAdental cells covering spiral limbus

46
Q

Inner and oute pillar cells describe

A

they are tall cells with wide bases and narrow apices sepateted from each other by inner tunnel of corti but the apices are connected
resting on basailar membrane

47
Q

Compare between outre and inner phalangeal cells of organ of corti

A

Outer surrounds the outer hair cells by theri cup shaped apices , with phalangeal process to surface and the uncovered surface of Outer hari cells contains fluid called space of Nuel
Inner : Surrounds the inner hair cells completely

48
Q

Demarcate the inner border of organ of corti
?
Demarcate the outer border of organ of corti.
?
Lie lateral to cell of Hensen, resting on the underlying
cells of Böettcher?

A

Bordere cells
Hensesn cells
Claiuds cells

49
Q

Explain mechamism of hearing

A

Sound reaches the external ear to be collected to pass in external auditory meatus till tympanic membrane causing osicles movemnts in specfice frequencies to oval window casuing movement of fluid in inner ear in cochlear duct casuing movement of sterocilia causing impulses and action potential to be discharge to brain
*High frequencies are detected at the basal end of the
membrane . ( narrowest basilar membrane with
greater stiffness).
*Low frequencies are detected at the apex.

50
Q

Conductive deafness

A

Occurs due to prevention of sound wave to pass from external ear to middle ear to organ of corti

51
Q

Conductive deafness

A

Occurs due to prevention of sound wave to pass from external ear to middle ear to organ of corti
due to foreign body . otitis media , osteosclerosis
fixation of footplates of stapes into oval window

52
Q

الحمدلله رب العالمين

A

Special Sense Histology (2 decks)

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