EAQ- Results

Question 1

Which result would the nurse anticipate when providing care to a preschool-age child who successfully completes tasks associated with this stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?

Faith and optimism

Devotion and fidelity

Direction and purpose

Self-control and willpower

Answer 1

Direction and purpose

Question 2

When measuring a client’s blood pressure during a physical examination, which error will result in false high diastolic reading?

Inflating the cuff too slowly

Wrapping the cuff too loosely

Applying the stethoscope too firmly

Repeating the assessment too quickly

Answer 2

Inflating the cuff too slowly

Question 3

One section of an evidence-based article includes the researcher’s explanation of how the research study was organized to answer the research question. Which section would the research article include next?

A brief summary of the article

Details on the results of the study

Information about the purpose of the article

An explanation of the implications of the study findings

Answer 3

Details on the results of the study

Question 4

The nurse instructs a pregnant woman in labor that she must avoid lying on her back. What is the primary reason for this instruction?

The supine position can prolong the course of labor.

Decreased placental perfusion is seen in the supine position.

This position can lead to transient episodes of hypertension.

Lying on the back interferes with free movement of the coccyx.

Answer 4

Decreased placental perfusion is seen in the supine position.

Question 5

Which parental behavior is interfering with a 9-year-old’s achievement of her or his developmental task based on Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development?

Embarrasses child when clothes are soiled or wet

Censors style of clothing and social interaction with friends

Is frequently delayed or occupied when the child is hungry or tired

Gives excessive negative feedback about quality of school project

Answer 5

Gives excessive negative feedback about quality of school project

Question 6

Which clinical finding occurs due to thinning of the subcutaneous layer?

Decreased tone and elasticity

Decreased sensory perception

Increased risk for hypothermia

Increased susceptibility to dry skin

Answer 6

Increased risk for hypothermia

Question 7

Which legal principle is applied when the nurse fails to act in a reasonable, prudent manner?

Malice

Tort law

Malpractice

Case law

Answer 7

Malpractice

Question 8

While conducting research on a novel anticoagulant, clients are randomly assigned to a control group and a treatment group. The experimental medication is given to the treatment group and the standard anticoagulant medication is given to the control group. The researchers measured the outcomes in both groups and concluded the novel anticoagulant medication has a better outcome when compared with the standard medication. To which quantitative method would this study belong?

Evaluation research

Experimental research

Correlational research

Nonexperimental research

Answer 8

Experimental research

Question 9

A primary health care provider, who is a principal investigator of a study, enrolls 200 subjects who require intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy. A researcher randomly assigns the subjects into control and treatment groups. The control group of 100 subjects, receives the standard chlorhexidine as skin site preparation before initiating the IV therapy, and the 100 subjects in the treatment group receive Povidone-iodine. Then the researcher compares the effectiveness of chlorhexidine and Povidone-iodine in reducing the incidence of IV phlebitis. Which type of study is the researcher performing?

Evaluation research

Descriptive research

Correlational research

Experimental research

Answer 9

Experimental research

Question 10

Which research design would the nurse researcher utilize when examining subjects’ responses to chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine as antiseptics?

Evaluation research

Descriptive research

Correlational research

Experimental research

Answer 10

Experimental research

Question 11

The purpose of a pilot research study is to identify the effectiveness of using an experimental therapeutic communication technique when communicating with aggressive clients. This study utilized which research design?

Evaluation research

Exploratory research

Descriptive research

Correlational research

Answer 11

Exploratory research

Exploratory research studies are initial studies conducted to develop or refine dimensions of phenomena or to develop a hypothesis about the relationships among phenomena. The given example is an exploratory research study. Evaluation research focuses on determining the effectiveness of a program, practice, or policy. Descriptive research focuses on measuring the characteristics of people, situations, or groups and the frequency with which certain events or characteristics occur. Correlational research aims to explore variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher.

Question 12

A clinical research organization wants to conduct a large-scale study on the effect of clients’ postoperative activity on postoperative ileus. Before conducting the full-scale study, the health care team performed a pilot study to predict an appropriate sample size and to improve the study design. To which type of research does this pilot study belong?

Historical research

Evaluation research

Descriptive research

Exploratory research

Answer 12

Exploratory research

In exploratory research, the initial study is designed to develop or refine the dimensions of phenomena or to develop or refine a hypothesis about the relationships among phenomena. The pilot study conducted to improve or refine the study design before performing the full-scale study comes under exploratory research. In historical research, studies are designed to establish facts and relationships concerning past events. In evaluation research, the study tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working. In descriptive research, the study measures characteristics of persons, situations, or groups, and the frequency with which certain events or characteristics occur.

Question 13

A group of registered nurses (RNs) is involved in a campaign that promotes children’s vaccinations. After the campaign’s completion, the group prepares a report that counts the number of immunizations and compares it with last year’s report. Which type of research is the group performing?

Evaluation research

Descriptive research

Experimental research

Correlational research

Answer 13

Evaluation research

Evaluation research tests the effectiveness of a program, practice, or policy. It measures the outcomes of a campaign. Descriptive research measures the characteristics of persons, situations, or groups. For example, this study would measure the frequency of an occurrence of an event. In experimental research, the investigator controls the study variable and randomly assigns the subjects to different conditions for the variable test. Correlational research explores the interrelationships among variables of interest; this study does not include any active intervention by the researcher.

Question 14

__________ means to search again or to examine carefully.

Answer 14

Research

Question 15

Which research design does the nurse utilize when asking participants, who are breast cancer survivors, to briefly share information about their lives after surviving cancer and then compiled the views to determine the cancer survivors’ quality of life?

Historical research

Descriptive research

Qualitative research

Correlational research

Answer 15

Qualitative research

Question 16

Which statement correctly defines descriptive research?

The research utilizes this design to test how well a program, practice, or policy is working.

This research design measures characteristics of persons, situations, or groups.

The research is designed to establish facts and relationships concerning past events.

This approach explores the interrelationships among variables of interest without any active intervention.

Answer 16

This research design measures characteristics of persons, situations, or groups.

Question 17

Which research design explores the interrelationship among variables of interest without any active intervention by a researcher?

Historical research

Evaluation research

Exploratory research

Correlation research

Answer 17

Correlation research

Correlation research involves the exploration of the interrelationship among variables of interest without any active intervention by a researcher. Historical studies are designed to establish facts and relationships concerning past events. Evaluation research tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working. Exploratory research is an initial study designed to develop or refine the dimensions of phenomena.

Question 18

Which statement accurately describes correlational research?

The reseach design tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working.

The design explores relationships among variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher.

The investigator controls the study variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions for variable testing.

Measures the characteristics of people, situations, or groups and frequency with which certain events or characteristics occur.

Answer 18

The design explores relationships among variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher.

Question 19

Which study is an example of exploratory research?

A study that tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working

A study designed to develop a hypothesis about the relationships among phenomena

A study that explores the interrelationships among variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher

A study that measures characteristics of persons, situations, or groups and the frequency with which certain events or characteristics occur

Answer 19

A study designed to develop a hypothesis about the relationships among phenomena

Question 20

Which research design would the nurse associate with a study in which the investigator controls the study variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions to test the variable?

Historical research

Evaluation research

Exploratory research

Experimental research

Answer 20

Experimental research

Question 21

The hospital management team conducted a randomized controlled trial to decrease the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The trial was successful with positive outcomes. The nurse manager, in collaboration with other hospital management staff, conducted the same trial in another hospital, but the results were different. Which research strategy implementation would the nurse manager consider beneficial in preventing dramatic differences in trial results?

Evidence-based practice (EBP)

Practice-based evidence (PBE)

Client-centered outcomes research

Comparative effectiveness research (CER)

Answer 21

Practice-based evidence (PBE)

Question 22

Which characteristic distinguishes research-based practice from evidence-based practice?

Research-based practice uses knowledge based only on research studies.

Research-based practice is a problem-solving approach to clinical practice.

Research-based practice involves the conscientious use of current best practice.

Research-based practice involves clinical expertise and client preferences and values.

Answer 22

Research-based practice uses knowledge based only on research studies.

Question 23

Research-based practice uses knowledge based only on _________ studies.

Answer 23

research

Question 24

Which purpose would the nurse ascribe to evaluation research?

Test how well a program, practice, or policy is working

Establish facts and relationships concerning past events

Develop or refine a hypothesis about the relationships among phenomena

Explore the interrelationships among variables of interest without any active intervention

Answer 24

Test how well a program, practice, or policy is working

Question 25

When obtaining an informed consent from research subjects, which statement by the researcher would the nurse need to modify?

“I would provide full and complete information to clients about the research study.”

“I would ensure the clients are able to understand the implications of participation in the study.”

“I would inform the clients that they may provide voluntary consent or decline participation.”

“I would make sure clients understand any information provided by them will be available outside the research team.”

Answer 25

“I would make sure clients understand any information provided by them will be available outside the research team.”

Question 26

After selecting subjects for a research study, the nurse researcher provides adequate information about the planned research and then inquires about the subject’s preference to associate with the research. Which requirement would this process meet?

Anonymity

Informed consent

Inductive reasoning

Performance improvement

Answer 26

Informed consent

Question 27

When obtaining an informed consent from a research subject, which statement made by the nurse to the client needs correction?

“You may or may not give your consent.”

“You may rest assured that any information you provide will remain confidential.”

“I hope you are able to understand the purpose and implications of participating in the research study.”

“Let me explain all the details about the research and why this is the best available method of treatment.”

Answer 27

“Let me explain all the details about the research and why this is the best available method of treatment.”

When obtaining informed consent from research subjects, the nurse is required to explain details such as the purpose of the study, procedures involved, data collection, potential risks and benefits, and the alternative methods of treatment. The nurse should not try to convince the client that the research study is the best treatment option available. The nurse is required to assure the client that consent may be given voluntarily; the client is allowed to decline participation. The nurse should discuss the method of maintaining confidentiality and anonymity of information provided. The nurse should also ensure that the client is able to understand the purpose and implications of participating in the research study.

Question 28

The hospital management is planning a study to compare the benefits and harms of a specific method to the benefits and harms of alternative methods to treat clients with chronic disorders. Which approach would the nurse manager follow to improve client care?

Diffusion of innovations

Practice-based evidence (PBE)

Participatory action research (PAR)

Comparative effectiveness research (CER)

Answer 28

Comparative effectiveness research (CER)

CER is the generation and synthesis of evidence that compares the benefits and harms of alternative methods to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor a clinical condition or to improve the delivery of care. Diffusion of innovations describes how innovations spread through society in different stages of decision, implementation, and confirmation. PBE is a research methodology that helps inform practice decisions by examining outcomes in the real world. In PAR, the members of the community being studied are integral members of the research team and are involved in identifying the questions and addressing the issues in the research project.

Question 29

Which similarity exists between evidence-based practice (EBP) and quality improvement (QI)?

Both receive funding from internal sources.

Both use data sources from multiple research studies.

Both need approval of the Institutional Review Board.

Both are conducted by researchers employed for this purpose.

Answer 29

Both receive funding from internal sources.

Question 30

Which action indicates the nurse is designing a research study?

The nurse gathers all relevant articles and focuses on reviewing the literature.

The nurse obtains approval from the proper authorities and enlists the research subjects.

The nurse verifies all investigators are following the appropriate study protocol.

The nurse prepares questionnaires and selects the treatment plans necessary for the study.

Answer 30

The nurse prepares questionnaires and selects the treatment plans necessary for the study.

Question 31

The clinical implications section of an article is likely to include which information?

Discussions about the identified limitations of the study

Summarization of the purpose of the represented study

Explanation regarding the method of applying findings in a practice setting

Information regarding the way the research was organized and conducted

Answer 31

Explanation regarding the method of applying findings in a practice setting

Question 32

In the area of clinical research, which action is specific to the role of the nurse leader or manager?

Performing clinical research

Evaluating research evidences

Developing evidence-based guidelines

Facilitating the application of research findings in practice

Answer 32

Facilitating the application of research findings in practice

Question 33

Which ethical principles govern the nurse’s behavior when making difficult decisions about a client’s care at the point of care?

Bioethics

Metaethics

Clinical ethics

Research ethics

Answer 33

Clinical ethics

Question 34

When providing evidence-based care for the client, which focus is primary for the nurse?

Practice trends

Research studies

Clinical experience

Problem-solving approach

Answer 34

Problem-solving approach

Evidence-based practice is first and foremost a problem-solving approach to care. This problem-solving approach incorporates application of current best practice along with knowledge from research studies and clinical expertise. Practice trends and clinical experience may be incorrect and not supported by evidence. Research studies provide data and findings related to an identified problem of the absence of data indicates a gap in the literature, which is a problem as practice is constantly changing.

Question 35

Which principle did the researcher apply when calculating the risk-benefit ratio and concluding there were no harmful effects associated with a survey of diabetic clients?

Human dignity

Human rights

Beneficence

Utilitarianism

Answer 35

Beneficence

Beneficence is defined as the promotion of well-being and abstaining from the injuring of others, as well as doing good and being kind and charitable. In this situation, the possible benefits outweigh the possible harm for the clients participating in a research study. Human dignity and human rights are underlying principles of research ethics but are not directly related to the risk-benefit ratio here. Utilitarianism relates to the ethical doctrine that virtue is based on utility, and that conduct would be directed toward promoting the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

Question 36

Which Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competency does integrating current research with clinical experience and client preference comply with?

Safety

Quality improvement

Patient-centered care

Evidence-based practice

Answer 36

Evidence-based practice

Question 37

Which step in the research process is similar to the assessment step of the nursing process?

Analyzing the results

Conducting the study

Developing hypothesis

Identifying the problem

Answer 37

Identifying the problem

Question 38

Which specific responsibility does the nurse have when working for an organization that has Magnet® status?

Following best-practices for quality improvement

Using research-based practice to provide client care

Collecting data for comparison against a national level

Refraining from taking independent actions during client care

Answer 38

Collecting data for comparison against a national level

Question 39

During implementation of an evidence-based practice, the nurse researcher uses MEDLINE databases to collect published scientific studies and uses PICOT questions when conducting the search for evidence. Which step does the nurse researcher perform next?

Ask a clinical question.

Integrate the evidence.

Evaluate the practice decision.

Critically appraise the evidence.

Answer 39

Critically appraise the evidence.

Question 40

Which statement describes the primary purpose of an evidence-informed nursing practice (EIP)?

Adhering to procedural guidelines

Providing safe nursing care regardless of the cost

Assessing clients systematically before implementing care

Using results from research to improve the outcome of nursing care

Answer 40

Using results from research to improve the outcome of nursing care