EAQ- Results Flashcards
Which result would the nurse anticipate when providing care to a preschool-age child who successfully completes tasks associated with this stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?
Faith and optimism
Devotion and fidelity
Direction and purpose
Self-control and willpower
Direction and purpose
When measuring a client’s blood pressure during a physical examination, which error will result in false high diastolic reading?
Inflating the cuff too slowly
Wrapping the cuff too loosely
Applying the stethoscope too firmly
Repeating the assessment too quickly
Inflating the cuff too slowly
One section of an evidence-based article includes the researcher’s explanation of how the research study was organized to answer the research question. Which section would the research article include next?
A brief summary of the article
Details on the results of the study
Information about the purpose of the article
An explanation of the implications of the study findings
Details on the results of the study
The nurse instructs a pregnant woman in labor that she must avoid lying on her back. What is the primary reason for this instruction?
The supine position can prolong the course of labor.
Decreased placental perfusion is seen in the supine position.
This position can lead to transient episodes of hypertension.
Lying on the back interferes with free movement of the coccyx.
Decreased placental perfusion is seen in the supine position.
Which parental behavior is interfering with a 9-year-old’s achievement of her or his developmental task based on Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development?
Embarrasses child when clothes are soiled or wet
Censors style of clothing and social interaction with friends
Is frequently delayed or occupied when the child is hungry or tired
Gives excessive negative feedback about quality of school project
Gives excessive negative feedback about quality of school project
Which clinical finding occurs due to thinning of the subcutaneous layer?
Decreased tone and elasticity
Decreased sensory perception
Increased risk for hypothermia
Increased susceptibility to dry skin
Increased risk for hypothermia
Which legal principle is applied when the nurse fails to act in a reasonable, prudent manner?
Malice
Tort law
Malpractice
Case law
Malpractice
While conducting research on a novel anticoagulant, clients are randomly assigned to a control group and a treatment group. The experimental medication is given to the treatment group and the standard anticoagulant medication is given to the control group. The researchers measured the outcomes in both groups and concluded the novel anticoagulant medication has a better outcome when compared with the standard medication. To which quantitative method would this study belong?
Evaluation research
Experimental research
Correlational research
Nonexperimental research
Experimental research
A primary health care provider, who is a principal investigator of a study, enrolls 200 subjects who require intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy. A researcher randomly assigns the subjects into control and treatment groups. The control group of 100 subjects, receives the standard chlorhexidine as skin site preparation before initiating the IV therapy, and the 100 subjects in the treatment group receive Povidone-iodine. Then the researcher compares the effectiveness of chlorhexidine and Povidone-iodine in reducing the incidence of IV phlebitis. Which type of study is the researcher performing?
Evaluation research
Descriptive research
Correlational research
Experimental research
Experimental research
Which research design would the nurse researcher utilize when examining subjects’ responses to chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine as antiseptics?
Evaluation research
Descriptive research
Correlational research
Experimental research
Experimental research
The purpose of a pilot research study is to identify the effectiveness of using an experimental therapeutic communication technique when communicating with aggressive clients. This study utilized which research design?
Evaluation research
Exploratory research
Descriptive research
Correlational research
Exploratory research
Exploratory research studies are initial studies conducted to develop or refine dimensions of phenomena or to develop a hypothesis about the relationships among phenomena. The given example is an exploratory research study. Evaluation research focuses on determining the effectiveness of a program, practice, or policy. Descriptive research focuses on measuring the characteristics of people, situations, or groups and the frequency with which certain events or characteristics occur. Correlational research aims to explore variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher.
A clinical research organization wants to conduct a large-scale study on the effect of clients’ postoperative activity on postoperative ileus. Before conducting the full-scale study, the health care team performed a pilot study to predict an appropriate sample size and to improve the study design. To which type of research does this pilot study belong?
Historical research
Evaluation research
Descriptive research
Exploratory research
Exploratory research
In exploratory research, the initial study is designed to develop or refine the dimensions of phenomena or to develop or refine a hypothesis about the relationships among phenomena. The pilot study conducted to improve or refine the study design before performing the full-scale study comes under exploratory research. In historical research, studies are designed to establish facts and relationships concerning past events. In evaluation research, the study tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working. In descriptive research, the study measures characteristics of persons, situations, or groups, and the frequency with which certain events or characteristics occur.
A group of registered nurses (RNs) is involved in a campaign that promotes children’s vaccinations. After the campaign’s completion, the group prepares a report that counts the number of immunizations and compares it with last year’s report. Which type of research is the group performing?
Evaluation research
Descriptive research
Experimental research
Correlational research
Evaluation research
Evaluation research tests the effectiveness of a program, practice, or policy. It measures the outcomes of a campaign. Descriptive research measures the characteristics of persons, situations, or groups. For example, this study would measure the frequency of an occurrence of an event. In experimental research, the investigator controls the study variable and randomly assigns the subjects to different conditions for the variable test. Correlational research explores the interrelationships among variables of interest; this study does not include any active intervention by the researcher.
__________ means to search again or to examine carefully.
Research
Which research design does the nurse utilize when asking participants, who are breast cancer survivors, to briefly share information about their lives after surviving cancer and then compiled the views to determine the cancer survivors’ quality of life?
Historical research
Descriptive research
Qualitative research
Correlational research
Qualitative research
Which statement correctly defines descriptive research?
The research utilizes this design to test how well a program, practice, or policy is working.
This research design measures characteristics of persons, situations, or groups.
The research is designed to establish facts and relationships concerning past events.
This approach explores the interrelationships among variables of interest without any active intervention.
This research design measures characteristics of persons, situations, or groups.
Which research design explores the interrelationship among variables of interest without any active intervention by a researcher?
Historical research
Evaluation research
Exploratory research
Correlation research
Correlation research
Correlation research involves the exploration of the interrelationship among variables of interest without any active intervention by a researcher. Historical studies are designed to establish facts and relationships concerning past events. Evaluation research tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working. Exploratory research is an initial study designed to develop or refine the dimensions of phenomena.
Which statement accurately describes correlational research?
The reseach design tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working.
The design explores relationships among variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher.
The investigator controls the study variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions for variable testing.
Measures the characteristics of people, situations, or groups and frequency with which certain events or characteristics occur.
The design explores relationships among variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher.
Which study is an example of exploratory research?
A study that tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working
A study designed to develop a hypothesis about the relationships among phenomena
A study that explores the interrelationships among variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher
A study that measures characteristics of persons, situations, or groups and the frequency with which certain events or characteristics occur
A study designed to develop a hypothesis about the relationships among phenomena
Which research design would the nurse associate with a study in which the investigator controls the study variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions to test the variable?
Historical research
Evaluation research
Exploratory research
Experimental research
Experimental research
The hospital management team conducted a randomized controlled trial to decrease the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The trial was successful with positive outcomes. The nurse manager, in collaboration with other hospital management staff, conducted the same trial in another hospital, but the results were different. Which research strategy implementation would the nurse manager consider beneficial in preventing dramatic differences in trial results?
Evidence-based practice (EBP)
Practice-based evidence (PBE)
Client-centered outcomes research
Comparative effectiveness research (CER)
Practice-based evidence (PBE)
Which characteristic distinguishes research-based practice from evidence-based practice?
Research-based practice uses knowledge based only on research studies.
Research-based practice is a problem-solving approach to clinical practice.
Research-based practice involves the conscientious use of current best practice.
Research-based practice involves clinical expertise and client preferences and values.
Research-based practice uses knowledge based only on research studies.
Research-based practice uses knowledge based only on _________ studies.
research
Which purpose would the nurse ascribe to evaluation research?
Test how well a program, practice, or policy is working
Establish facts and relationships concerning past events
Develop or refine a hypothesis about the relationships among phenomena
Explore the interrelationships among variables of interest without any active intervention
Test how well a program, practice, or policy is working
When obtaining an informed consent from research subjects, which statement by the researcher would the nurse need to modify?
“I would provide full and complete information to clients about the research study.”
“I would ensure the clients are able to understand the implications of participation in the study.”
“I would inform the clients that they may provide voluntary consent or decline participation.”
“I would make sure clients understand any information provided by them will be available outside the research team.”
“I would make sure clients understand any information provided by them will be available outside the research team.”
After selecting subjects for a research study, the nurse researcher provides adequate information about the planned research and then inquires about the subject’s preference to associate with the research. Which requirement would this process meet?
Anonymity
Informed consent
Inductive reasoning
Performance improvement
Informed consent
When obtaining an informed consent from a research subject, which statement made by the nurse to the client needs correction?
“You may or may not give your consent.”
“You may rest assured that any information you provide will remain confidential.”
“I hope you are able to understand the purpose and implications of participating in the research study.”
“Let me explain all the details about the research and why this is the best available method of treatment.”
“Let me explain all the details about the research and why this is the best available method of treatment.”
When obtaining informed consent from research subjects, the nurse is required to explain details such as the purpose of the study, procedures involved, data collection, potential risks and benefits, and the alternative methods of treatment. The nurse should not try to convince the client that the research study is the best treatment option available. The nurse is required to assure the client that consent may be given voluntarily; the client is allowed to decline participation. The nurse should discuss the method of maintaining confidentiality and anonymity of information provided. The nurse should also ensure that the client is able to understand the purpose and implications of participating in the research study.
The hospital management is planning a study to compare the benefits and harms of a specific method to the benefits and harms of alternative methods to treat clients with chronic disorders. Which approach would the nurse manager follow to improve client care?
Diffusion of innovations
Practice-based evidence (PBE)
Participatory action research (PAR)
Comparative effectiveness research (CER)
Comparative effectiveness research (CER)
CER is the generation and synthesis of evidence that compares the benefits and harms of alternative methods to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor a clinical condition or to improve the delivery of care. Diffusion of innovations describes how innovations spread through society in different stages of decision, implementation, and confirmation. PBE is a research methodology that helps inform practice decisions by examining outcomes in the real world. In PAR, the members of the community being studied are integral members of the research team and are involved in identifying the questions and addressing the issues in the research project.
Which similarity exists between evidence-based practice (EBP) and quality improvement (QI)?
Both receive funding from internal sources.
Both use data sources from multiple research studies.
Both need approval of the Institutional Review Board.
Both are conducted by researchers employed for this purpose.
Both receive funding from internal sources.
Which action indicates the nurse is designing a research study?
The nurse gathers all relevant articles and focuses on reviewing the literature.
The nurse obtains approval from the proper authorities and enlists the research subjects.
The nurse verifies all investigators are following the appropriate study protocol.
The nurse prepares questionnaires and selects the treatment plans necessary for the study.
The nurse prepares questionnaires and selects the treatment plans necessary for the study.
The clinical implications section of an article is likely to include which information?
Discussions about the identified limitations of the study
Summarization of the purpose of the represented study
Explanation regarding the method of applying findings in a practice setting
Information regarding the way the research was organized and conducted
Explanation regarding the method of applying findings in a practice setting
In the area of clinical research, which action is specific to the role of the nurse leader or manager?
Performing clinical research
Evaluating research evidences
Developing evidence-based guidelines
Facilitating the application of research findings in practice
Facilitating the application of research findings in practice
Which ethical principles govern the nurse’s behavior when making difficult decisions about a client’s care at the point of care?
Bioethics
Metaethics
Clinical ethics
Research ethics
Clinical ethics
When providing evidence-based care for the client, which focus is primary for the nurse?
Practice trends
Research studies
Clinical experience
Problem-solving approach
Problem-solving approach
Evidence-based practice is first and foremost a problem-solving approach to care. This problem-solving approach incorporates application of current best practice along with knowledge from research studies and clinical expertise. Practice trends and clinical experience may be incorrect and not supported by evidence. Research studies provide data and findings related to an identified problem of the absence of data indicates a gap in the literature, which is a problem as practice is constantly changing.
Which principle did the researcher apply when calculating the risk-benefit ratio and concluding there were no harmful effects associated with a survey of diabetic clients?
Human dignity
Human rights
Beneficence
Utilitarianism
Beneficence
Beneficence is defined as the promotion of well-being and abstaining from the injuring of others, as well as doing good and being kind and charitable. In this situation, the possible benefits outweigh the possible harm for the clients participating in a research study. Human dignity and human rights are underlying principles of research ethics but are not directly related to the risk-benefit ratio here. Utilitarianism relates to the ethical doctrine that virtue is based on utility, and that conduct would be directed toward promoting the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Which Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competency does integrating current research with clinical experience and client preference comply with?
Safety
Quality improvement
Patient-centered care
Evidence-based practice
Evidence-based practice
Which step in the research process is similar to the assessment step of the nursing process?
Analyzing the results
Conducting the study
Developing hypothesis
Identifying the problem
Identifying the problem
Which specific responsibility does the nurse have when working for an organization that has Magnet® status?
Following best-practices for quality improvement
Using research-based practice to provide client care
Collecting data for comparison against a national level
Refraining from taking independent actions during client care
Collecting data for comparison against a national level
During implementation of an evidence-based practice, the nurse researcher uses MEDLINE databases to collect published scientific studies and uses PICOT questions when conducting the search for evidence. Which step does the nurse researcher perform next?
Ask a clinical question.
Integrate the evidence.
Evaluate the practice decision.
Critically appraise the evidence.
Critically appraise the evidence.
Which statement describes the primary purpose of an evidence-informed nursing practice (EIP)?
Adhering to procedural guidelines
Providing safe nursing care regardless of the cost
Assessing clients systematically before implementing care
Using results from research to improve the outcome of nursing care
Using results from research to improve the outcome of nursing care
