EAPI Flashcards
Introduction
Video is a contemporary performance who appears to be in the associative stage of learning.
Associative stage because; confident stage presence; motor programmes are generally formed; errors are relatively discreet; fluidity in her performance; technique on some skills aren’t continuous and appear less effortless; she’s in training clothes (if more advanced she would be in a costume)
Contemporary dance emerged in 20thC
She’s performing in a dance studio that’s been improved by modern technology during 21stC
Examples of improvements: bright lighting, access to music and versatile flooring
Skill strength: forward walk-over
A) Performer maimed good balance
Her feet were in a wide enough position - avoiding stumbling
Pointed toes
Wide ROM at her hips when she kicks over - showing good extension at ball and socket joint
B) More advanced skill enhances the complexity
More exciting an engaging to watch
Completed with high level of control and composure
Adjudicators will score performance high
C) Greater the mass of the dancer greater force required to take off - N1L
Body is in a state of rest or velocity unless acted upon by external force
Performer generated enough force in proportion to mass required to use off
Skill strength: high kick
A) plié ensured body was balanced
good abduction and flexability
knee is well extended, planta-flexion at ankle makes it aesthetic
good posture
B) adds more flow
adds hair to change in level
aesthetic
C) ball a socket joint
Articulating bones = femur and pelvis
Hip is flexing
Agonist= iliopsoas
Antagonist = glutens maximus
Concentric contraction
PNF training - stretching muscle, isometrically contracting it, then relaxing
Would desensitise stretch reflex.
Compositional idea strength: motifs
A) used to link skills together
Better flow and smooth transitions
B) makes dance more aesthetic
Move fluidity
Captivates audience and adjudicator
C) could’ve learnt this through observational learning
watches role model, copies actions
reinforcement makes learning more likely
dance is now more globalised which increased participation rates
motif = closed skill = benefit from fixed practice
Compositional ideas strength: interpretation of music
A) speed and choice of skills matched choice of song
Jumps and complex skills = song had more dramatic effect
Eg. Pace increased when music got louder (firebird)
Shows performer can adapt skills to fit music choice
B) performers sense of musicality
Conveyed storyline, expressive and provoked emotion
Impactful for audience
C) type of skill changes according to tempo
Fine skills = more controlled hand gestures are precise
Horizontal splits and leaps I more explosive parts → draws on large muscle groups crectus, bicep femurs and gluteus maximus
Creases contrast and give dramatic effect
Physical attributes strength: flexibility
A) kicks = good dynamic flexability
Eg right leg split into back bend
B) more aesthetically pleasing
More high quality actions with good ROM
Gains higher execution socre
C) ball & socket = increased Rom
Articulating bones aid range of movement
Female → generally more flexible → higher levels f oestrogen and relaxin
Assessed through sit & reach test
Physical attributes strength: Balance
A) rarely stumbles or looses control
Maintains good core stability → enhances balance
Eg. Arabesque → controlled and didn’t stumble
B) routine looks structured and controlled
Influences overall efficiency and aesthetics
Helps emotive impact
Adjudicator more likely to score higher
C) centre of mass- point at which au points of body are balanced
When direction changed, it was distributed so remained balanced
Stability - body’s ability to resist motion and remain at nest
Dancer’s body could withstand force applied & return to resting
Challenging action → base of support is smaller → number of contact points is less
Skill weakness: Firebird
A) back could’ve been more arched → allowed foot to reach head
Bottom foot wasn’t pointed when elevating
Limited explosive strength → reduces height
Both arms should be above her head 5th position - not hanging
B) lack of explosive strength → less height & reduction in range of levels
Lack of alignment & poor technique = less aesthetic
C) FG muscle fibres recruited
Provides high force of contraction, fast contractile speed
Large neurone size, low mitochondria density
Force plates - force applied to floor in preparation
Evaluate execution of skill
Skill weakness: grande jetté
A) poor preparation → little explosive strength
Lacked height
2nd leg slightly flexed rather than extended
Hip not fully extended
Weight needs to be shifted forward to create illusion of gliding through air
B) less aesthetic & looks incomplete
Score lower in competitive environment
C) complex skill knowing she’s being assessed → evaluation apprehension & social inhibition
Over aroused or anxious
Performer can reduce this effect by practicing shill in it’s entirely
Cognitive management eg positive self-talk or mental imagery
Compositional ideas weakness: eye contact
A) eyes were mainly down
Reduces impact - takes away emotion
B) audience isn’t captivated as there’s no engagement
Reduces impact
Score out of 35 will drop
C) potential low self-confidence
Little belief in their ability= low self-efficiency
Sport confidence can affect self-esteem- may feel she’s not good enough
Trait theory - introverted personality so more shy/reserved
Compositional ideas weakness: floor space
A) first 1.5 mins = no use of floor space
Stayed in back left corner
B) dance seems more compact - less expressive
Score lower
More floor space = more momentum = more power for jumps
C) momentum = quality of motion possessed by a moving body
Momentum = mass x velocity
Larger mass, greater force needed for body to overcome inertia= 1st
Rate of change in momentum = proportional to size of force applied = 2nd
Less floor space, less opportunities to build momentum
Physical attributes weakness: power
A) jumps lacked explosive power
Especially in legs
B) routine looks unfinished
Less height = less airel time → limits complexity
Puts performer under more pressure - less aesthetic
Affects scoring from adjudicator
C) 2nd class leavers → mechanical advantage at ankle
3rd class leaver at the knee
Insufficient force created by gastrocnemius & rectus femoris
Physical attributes weakness: muscular endurance
A) skills better at start of routine
End skills not performed technically well - fatigue
Jumps incorporated at the end - not as good
B) if improved quality at end remains high
Subsequently score higher
C) glycolytic energy system
Build-up of lactic acid
Bicarbonate = nutritional aid - acts as a butter to neutralise acidity
↑ tolerance to lactic acid - delaying OBLA
Priority weakness
Leaps and jumps (firebird) = main area of weakness
From technical perspective in terms of flexibility & explosive strength in lower body
Not enough drive out of ground → lack of height
Inaccurate arm positioning
Lack of arch within back position → inaccurate positioning of rear leg
What’s the impact on the weakness
Lack of height - lack of time placing
Dancer= under greater pressure
Looked less aesthetic & unfinished
Will score lower in competitive environment
