EAE3311 Lecture 7

Question 1

<p><strong><span>What is Thermohaline Circulation?</span></strong></p>

Answer 1

<p><span>Deep currents <br></br>90% of ocean water</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 5aa}</span></p>

Question 2

<p><strong><span>Where is the densest water in the ocean?</span></strong></p>

Answer 2

<p><span>Antartctic Bottom Water</span></p>

<div>Rapid winter freezing</div>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 5ab}</span></p>

Question 3

<p><strong><span>What is unusual about the indian ocean?</span></strong></p>

Answer 3

<p><span>There is no source of deep-water mass.</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 5ac}</span></p>

Question 4

<p><strong><span>What is the Marcet Principle?</span></strong></p>

Answer 4

<p><span>Dissolved material composition is roughly similar everywhere<br></br>(and over time)</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 5ad}</span></p>

Question 5

<p><strong><span>What is the salt compostion of seawater?</span></strong></p>

Answer 5

<p><span>35‰</span></p>

<div>35 parts per <strong>thousand</strong> (ppt) </div>

<div>i.e. 35g salt in 1 litre (or 1kg) of sea water.</div>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 5ae}</span></p>

Question 6

<p><strong><span>What is Salinity?</span></strong></p>

Answer 6

<p><span>The amount of dissolved matter within seawater.</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 5af}</span></p>

Question 7

<p><strong><span>What is SST</span></strong></p>

Answer 7

<p><span>Sea Surface Temperature</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 5ag}</span></p>

Question 8

<p><strong><span>What does SST influence?</span></strong></p>

<p>2 points.</p>

Answer 8

<ul><li>SST influences air masses</li><li>Warm SST → cyclones, snow, sea breeze, fog</li></ul>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 5ah}</span></p>

Question 9

<p><strong><span>How does SST change?</span></strong></p>

Answer 9

<div>Diurnal changes (but rate of change much slower than atmosphere)</div>

<div>Shallower water (over the continental shelf) often warmer (but not always)</div>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 5ai}</span></p>

Question 10

<p><strong><span>Why is shallower water (over the continental shelf) often warmer?</span></strong></p>

<p>2 points.</p>

Answer 10

<ul><li>Structure of the water column</li><li>Less water to heat</li></ul>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 5aj}</span></p>

Question 11

<p><strong><span>What controls water density?</span></strong></p>

Answer 11

<p><span>Together, temperature and salinity control water density.</span></p>

<div>A <strong><em>decrease</em></strong><em> </em>in <strong>temperature</strong> → increased seawater density</div>

<div>A <strong><em>increase</em></strong><em> </em>in <strong>salinity</strong> → increased seawater density</div>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 5ak}</span></p>

Question 12

<p><strong><span>What governs vertical morement of ocean waters?</span></strong></p>

Answer 12

<p><span>Density is the major factor governing the vertical movement of ocean waters.</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 5al}</span></p>

Question 13

<p><strong><span>What is SSTskin?</span></strong></p>

Answer 13

<p><span>Sea surface skin temperature<br></br>Top <10µm</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 5am}</span></p>

Question 14

<p><strong><span>What is SSTsubskin?</span></strong></p>

Answer 14

<p><span>subskin temperature<br></br>Top 1mm</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 5an}</span></p>

Question 15

<p><strong><span>What is SST_{depth (e.g. SST₂ₘ)}</span></strong></p>

Answer 15

<p><span>Sea water termperature at depth.<br></br>(e.g. Sea water termperature at 2m depth)</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 5ao}</span></p>

Question 16

<p><strong><span>What is SSTfnd?</span></strong></p>

Answer 16

<p><span>Sea surface foundation termperature<br></br>i.e at 10m, free of diurnal temperatures.</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 5ap}</span></p>