EAE3311 - Exam Prep - 3

Question 1

<p><strong><span>What is special about spiral/hooked bays?</span></strong></p>

Answer 1

<p><span>As an example of self organisation on larger scales the bay's curve follows a logarithmic spiral.</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 11aa}</span></p>

Question 2

<p><strong><span>What is R₀ in a spiral bay equation?</span></strong></p>

Answer 2

<p><span>R₀ is the length of a ray from the centre of the spiral to the shoreline.</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 11ab}</span></p>

Question 3

<p><strong><span>What is alpha in a spiral bay equation?</span></strong></p>

Answer 3

<p><span>Alpha is the angle between R₀ and the shoreline.</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 11ac}</span></p>

Question 4

<p><strong><span>What are Refracted waves?</span></strong></p>

Answer 4

<p><span>Waves that change direction as they pass through different media such as water of varying depths.</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 11ad}</span></p>

Question 5

<p><strong><span>What are Diffracted waves?</span></strong></p>

Answer 5

<p><span>Wave crests in a wave train change direction bending when going around a barrier or through an opening.</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 11ae}</span></p>

Question 6

<p><strong><span>What is a headland?</span></strong></p>

Answer 6

<p><span>Headlands are bits of rock that are flanked by water on three sides.</span></p>

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Question 7

<p><strong><span>How are headlands formed?</span></strong></p>

Answer 7

<p><span>Headlands are formed when the sea attacks a section of coast with alternating bands of hard and soft rock.</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 11ag}</span></p>

Question 8

<p><span>Definition</span></p>

<p><strong><span>Discordant coastline</span></strong></p>

Answer 8

<p><span>Coastline with different types of rock leading to the formation of headlands</span></p>

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Question 9

<p><strong><span>How do sea caves and undercutting start formation?</span></strong></p>

Answer 9

<p><span>With a line of weakness that allows for more rapid erosion.</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 11ai}</span></p>

Question 10

<p><strong><span>How are wave cut platforms created?</span></strong></p>

Answer 10

<p><span>As the waves strike the base of the headland repeatedly, the waves erode not only the cliff but also the bench itself creating a wave cut platform.</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 11aj}</span></p>

Question 11

<p><strong><span>What are marine terraces? </span></strong></p>

Answer 11

<p><span>Old wave cut platforms.</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 11ak}</span></p>

Question 12

<p><strong><span>What did sandstone cliffs form from?</span></strong></p>

Answer 12

<p><span>Old sand dunes. </span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 11al}</span></p>

Question 13

<p><strong><span>How common are ICOLLs in australia?</span></strong></p>

Answer 13

<p><span>Australia is 21% of all global ICOLLs</span></p>

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Question 14

<p><strong><span>Why are ICOLLs important?</span></strong></p>

<p>2 points.</p>

Answer 14

<ul><li>ICOLLs tend to support a wide array of invertebrate and fish taxa </li><li>The functioning of ICOLL food webs are strongly influenced by entrance opening and closing regimes.</li></ul>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 11an}</span></p>

Question 15

<p><strong><span>What are the potential environmental impacts of artificially opening the ICOLLs?</span></strong></p>

<p>4 points.</p>

Answer 15

<ul> <li>Direct loss of habitat</li> <li>Increased sand shoaling</li> <li>Fish kills</li> <li>New conditions may promote the growth of things such as mangroves</li></ul>

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Question 16

<p><strong><span>Why do fish kills occur when artificially opening ICOLLs?</span></strong></p>

Answer 16

<p><span>Fish kills can occur as a result of anoxic conditions in ICOLLs following artificial opening and rapid water level changes.</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 11ap}</span></p>

Question 17

<p><strong><span>What is a barrier Island?</span></strong></p>

Answer 17

<p><span>Very long offshore deposits of sand that are parallel to the shoreline. That are not tied onto the shore in any way.</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 11aq}</span></p>

Question 18

<p><strong><span>How do barrier islands form?</span></strong></p>

Answer 18

<p><span>They are the remnants of old sand dunes when the sea level was lower.</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 11ar}</span></p>

Question 19

<p><strong><span>What forms under salt marshes?</span></strong></p>

Answer 19

<p><span>Peat beds.</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 11as}</span></p>

Question 20

<p><strong><span>What is happening to barrier Islands?</span></strong></p>

Answer 20

<p><span>They are moving towards the shore and will eventually merge with the coast.</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 11at}</span></p>

Question 21

<p><strong><span>Why do deltas form?</span></strong></p>

Answer 21

<p><span>They form when rivers carry more sediment to the sea than the longshore currents can carry away. </span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 11au}</span></p>

Question 22

<p><strong><span>What is a Bird foot delta?</span></strong></p>

Answer 22

<p><span>It is a river dominated delta</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 11av}</span></p>

Question 23

<p><strong><span>What are most of Australia’s deltas?</span></strong></p>

Answer 23

<p><span>Tide dominated delta’s due to smaller rivers that are not going fast.<br></br>This happens because Australia is arid and flat.</span></p>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 11aw}</span></p>

Question 24

<p><strong><span>Emergent shoreline features?</span></strong></p>

Answer 24

<ul>Marine terraces<li>Stranded beach deposits</li></ul>

<p><span>_{EAE3311 11ax}</span></p>

Question 25

Submergent shoreline features

Answer 25

Drowned beaches
• Drowned river valleys
• Submerged coastal dunes

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Question 26

What is Bruun’s rule?

Answer 26

The concept is that the entire beach profile will shift landward and upward in response to a rise in sea level.

_{EAE3311 11az}

Question 27

How are large grains affected by Backwash?

Answer 27

Larger grains sizes are more parable meaning less backwash

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Question 28

How much could beaches moved have inland by 2100?

Answer 28

Possibly as much as 100m

_{EAE3311 11bb}

Question 29

How much of the total ocean area is the pacific?

Answer 29

50.1%

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Question 30

How much of the total ocean area is the Atlantic?

Answer 30

26%

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Question 31

How much of the total ocean area is the Indian ocean

Answer 31

20.5%

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Question 32

How much of the total ocean area is the Arctic?

Answer 32

3.4%

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Question 33

What is a Sea?

4 points.

Answer 33

• Smaller and shallower than an ocean
• Composed of saltwater
• Partially enclosed by land
• Directly connected to the world ocean

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Question 34

Where does the continental margin stop?

Answer 34

When the effects of the continent stop

_{EAE3311 11bh}

Question 35

What is a shelf break?

Answer 35

Massive underwater cliff at the end of the continental shelf

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Question 36

Key points

Passive margins

Answer 36

Not on edge of plate
• Little volcanism or earthquakes
• Material is weathered from land and forms a broad wedge of sediment
• Common in the atlantic

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Question 37

Key points

Active margins

3 points.

Answer 37

Occur where oceanic lithosphere is subducted beneath the edge of a continent
• High level of volcanism and earthquake activity
• Accretionary wedge can occur
• Common in the pacific rim

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