EAE3311 - Exam Prep - 2 Flashcards
<p><strong><span>What are bathymetric maps interpolated from?</span></strong></p>
<p><span>Point measurements collected by Acoustic surveys and LiDAR. </span></p>
<p><span>EAE3311 10aa</span></p>
<p><strong><span>What functions are used to calculate phi?</span></strong></p>
<p><span>using functions (F) that describe the relationship between the value at point u and neighbouring values of varying distance (d). The spatial relationship between the sampling points is described by a set of location vectors.</span></p>
<p><span>EAE3311 10ab</span></p>
<p><strong><span>What are the ways to interpolate unknown values?</span></strong></p>
<ul> <li>Interpolation algorithms</li> <li>For example </li> <ul> <li>Inverse distance squared</li> <li>Splines</li> <li>Radial basis functions</li> <li>Triangulation</li> </ul></ul>
<div></div>
<p><span>EAE3311 10ac</span></p>
<p><strong><span>What is provenance?</span></strong></p>
<p><span>The source of a sediment</span></p>
<p><span>EAE3311 10ad</span></p>
<p><strong><span>What is the benefit to analysing provenance?</span></strong></p>
<p><span>Understanding of the origin of sediment and where it was formed can help in the formation of management solutions.</span></p>
<p><span>EAE3311 10ae</span></p>
<p><strong><span>What are the impacts of mass transport to the ocean?</span></strong></p>
<ul>Supplies the majority of ocean sediments<li>Affects water clarity</li><li>Provides nutrients and minerals to the marine food chain</li></ul>
<p><span>EAE3311 10af</span></p>
<p><strong><span>What is the typical size of material transported via water and wind?</span></strong></p>
<p><span>Small in nature</span></p>
<p><span>EAE3311 10ag</span></p>
<p><strong><span>Examples of low lying landscapes of solute and particle deposition?</span></strong></p>
<ul>Oceans<li>Flood plains</li><li>lakes</li></ul>
<p><span>EAE3311 10ah</span></p>
<p><strong><span>What are some of the common compounds that dissolve in water?</span></strong></p>
<ul>Salts<li>Ionic and polar compounds</li><li>Inorganic compounds</li></ul>
<p><span>EAE3311 10ai</span></p>
<p><strong><span>What are two of water's key properties and the resulting effects?</span></strong></p>
<ul>Water is excellent solvent-results in a large dissolved load of salts and nutrients<li>Water has low heat conductance which limits mixing between water parcels creating strong delineations between water parcels</li></ul>
<p><span>EAE3311 10aj</span></p>
<p><strong><span>What is water's density determined by?</span></strong></p>
<p><span>Temperature, pressure and solute mass</span></p>
<p><span>EAE3311 10ak</span></p>
<p><strong><span>How often does water of different densities mix and wha would be an example of where they do?</span></strong></p>
<p><span>Water of different densities rarely mix but do for example under the influence of waves</span></p>
<p><span>EAE3311 10al</span></p>
<p><strong><span>Where does photosynthesis/productivity occur and by what usually?</span></strong></p>
<p><span>Occurs in the upper ocean by phytoplankton</span></p>
<p><span>EAE3311 10am</span></p>
<p><strong><span>What does HNLC mean?</span></strong></p>
<p><span>High nutrient low chlorophyll i.e waters where ocean biomass is low despite high macro nutrient concentrations(N, P, Si)</span></p>
<p><span>EAE3311 10an</span></p>
<p><strong><span>What environment is being displaced by mangroves due to climate change? </span></strong></p>
<p><span>Saltmarshes</span></p>
<p><span>EAE3311 10ao</span></p>
<p><strong><span>What do Zooplankton play a key role in?</span></strong></p>
<ul>Pelagic food web<li>Control primary productivity</li><li>Fish stocks as key food source for fish larvae</li></ul>
<p><span>EAE3311 10ap</span></p>
<p><strong><span>What are the migrations in the pelagic Zone?</span></strong></p>
<p><span>Vertical migrations of Zooplankton 500-1000m up the water column to feed on phytoplankton while avoiding fish and other predators.</span></p>
<p><span>EAE3311 10aq</span></p>
<p><strong><span>What does the behaviour of a wave depend on?</span></strong></p>
<p><span>Its height and the depth of the water through which it is moving?</span></p>
<p><span>EAE3311 10ar</span></p>
<p><strong><span>Wave period(T) is?</span></strong></p>
<p><span>The time interval between two consecutive wave crests.</span></p>
<p><span>EAE3311 10as</span></p>
<p><strong><span>What are examples of shoreline indicators?</span></strong></p>
<ul>Vegetation line<li>Edge of coastal cliff</li><li>High water line</li></ul>
<p><span>EAE3311 10at</span></p>
<p><strong><span>What is zooplankton species diversity usually governed by and where can the highest diversity be found?</span></strong></p>
<p><span>Temperature and in the tropical to subtropical region </span></p>
<p><span>EAE3311 10au</span></p>
<p><strong><span>What do rhythmic Bedford patterns occur in response to?</span></strong></p>
<p><span>Complex interactions between flow, sediment transport and internal forcing.</span></p>
<p><span>EAE3311 10av</span></p>
<p><strong><span>What is a recurved Spit?</span></strong></p>
<p><span>A spit that extends seaward from the mainland and has curved into a hook shape. </span></p>
<ul> <li>A dominant wind can cause the distal end to hook towards the land, and additional hooks can indicate where the spit used to end in the past.</li> <li>The side of the recurved spit that is sheltered from waves is often occupied by saltmarshes.</li></ul>
<div></div>
<p><span>EAE3311 10aw</span></p>
<p><strong><span>What is a tombolo?</span></strong></p>
A spit or sand bar that connects an island to the mainland. Forms in areas protected from large waves.<div><p style="text-align:right;"><span>EAE3311 10ax</span></p></div>
What is a cuspate foreland
A triangular point (or cape) made from deposited sediment. Formed when two longshore drifts of opposite directions meet.
EAE3311 10ay
What is a Bar?
A ridge of sand below the high tide mark (the shallow ones break the surface at low tide).
EAE3311 10az
What is a beach profile?
A cross-sectional trace of the beach perpendicular to the shoreline that extends from the backshore cliff or dune to the inner continental shelf.
EAE3311 10ba
What is a beach profile divided into?
- Subaerial(exposed)
- Subaqueous(submerged)
EAE3311 10bb
What is sea level lowering?
Under cooler background climates(-10C to 0C of thermal forcing). Northern hemisphere ice sheets(e.g. Norway, Scotland) can grow and cause a decrease in sea level of up to 150m
EAE3311 10bc
What is ice-temperature coupling?
When simulating you evolve the temperature alongside stress allowing for an investigation of the feedback between the two systems.
EAE3311 10bd
What is Isostatic bed adjustment?
The mass of ice on continents can cause them to derform, warp and lower and its removal can lead to a rebound.
EAE3311 10be
What is basal sliding?
The movement of ice over a wet bed or defermormed till.
EAE3311 10bf
What is a Spit?
A spit is a strip of beach that extends into deeper water where the coast suddenly changes direction (e.g. a bay).
EAE3311 10bg
