EAE1011 Test 3 - Long Form

Question 1

What is the definition of a mineral?

Answer 1

• Each mineral has its own characteristic physical properties.
• Minerals are formed by natural processes.
• Minerals are crystalline solids.
• Minerals have definable atomic arrangements

Question 2

What are some common rock forming elements?

Answer 2

• Mg (Magnesium)
• Fe (Iron)
• Na (Sodium)
• O (Oxygen)

Question 3

Which of the following minerals on Bowen’s Reaction Series (see Page 12 of the Lecture pdf), is the fastest to weather under surface temperature and pressure conditions?

Select one:

> a. Amphiboleb. Orthoclasec. Muscovited. Quartze. Olivine

Answer 3

The correct answer is: Olivine

Question 4

Some Facts about plate margins are?

Answer 4

• Volcanoes are often found in association with plate margins.
• Earthquakes are often found in association with plate margins.
• Plate margins define the edges of lithospheric plates.
• Plate margins can be convergent, divergent, or transform boundaries.

Question 5

What happens at divergent plate boundaries?

Answer 5

• Plates move apart from each other.
• The heat from the rising magma creates high topography and mid-ocean ridges.
• The mantle decompresses, melts, and rises up to form new oceanic crust.

Question 6

What happens at a subduction zone?

Answer 6

• The depth of the earthquakes generated can be plotted to image the subducting slab
• Continental crust cannot subduct, as it is too buoyant.
• The older, colder oceanic crust plate subducts.
• Earthquakes are generated by the subducting crustal slab.

Question 7

Plate tectonics has been important in the history of life on Earth because:

Answer 7

• Sea levels have changed as a result of plate tectonic movements
• Environmental stress can cause new species to evolve.
• As plates move, different environmental niches are formed.
• Increasing the number of continents increases biodiversity.

Question 8

In the lithosphere associated with trenches and subduction zones:

Answer 8

• Melting of the asthenosphere just below the lithosphere.
• Formation and erosion of a magmatic arc, and formation of an accretionary wedge.
• Subduction of oceanic crust.
• Formation of plutons and metamorphism of surrounding crust.

Question 9

Nicaragua is an example of a:

Answer 9

• A location that gold has been deposited by a volcanic arc setting
• An area of high risk for earthquakes
• A location where heat associated with magma can be used to generate electricity.
• A volcanic arc setting.

Question 10

If you compare the Earth and the Moon, the reason that you see meteorite craters on the Moon and not on the Earth is because:

Answer 10

• Earth has an atmosphere, while the Moon does not.
• Earth has erosional forces that affect its surface.
• Earth has plate tectonics, while the Moon does not.

Question 11

In the Rock Cycle:

Answer 11

• Igneous rocks are formed when magmas, lavas, and melts cool and crystallise.
• Sedimentary rocks are often formed in horizontal layers.
• Metamorphic rocks are formed when new minerals form in existing rocks due to changes in pressure and/or temperature.
• All processes associated with the rock cycle can be found in association with plate tectonic settings.

Question 12

Barbados is an example of:

Answer 12

• An uplifted accretionary prism.
• An island made up of sediments derived from the Andes

Question 13

In Mountains:

Answer 13

• Rocks are eroded.
• Rocks are weathered.
• Rocks are transported to rivers, lakes, and oceans.
• Rocks are compressed to form topographic high points.