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LPC 2020 EAE1011 - Earth Science > EAE1011 Test 1 > Flashcards

EAE1011 Test 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is ‘Ka’?

A

1,000 Years

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2
Q

What are the Periods in order?

A
  • Cambrian
  • Ordovician
  • Silurian
  • Devonian
  • Carboniferous
  • Permian
  • Triassic
  • Jurassic
  • Cretaceous
  • Tertiary
  • Quaternary
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3
Q

Which plat subducts

A

Denser plate always subducts

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4
Q

What is ‘Downgoing’?

A

Being subducted

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5
Q

What is ‘Overriding’?

A

Goes over the other plate

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6
Q

What is a mineral?

A

An element or chemical compound that is normally crystalline and that has been formed as a result of geological processes

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7
Q

What is a key characteristic of minerals

A

Most minerals are crystalline, that is:”ordered,three-dimensional arrangements of atoms”.

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8
Q

What is the Geological significance of minerals?

A
  1. Indicates pressure/temperature which a rock formed
  2. Minerals determine the geophysical properties of rocks.
  3. Minerals react with water and determine its composition
  4. Minerals and their surfaces control many processes in the environmental chemistry
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9
Q

When did the atoms form?

A

The first atomic nuclei formed about 3 minutes after the big bang

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10
Q

What main processes fuse atomic nuclei?

A

Many different processes can fuse atomic nuclei, however the two main types are:

  • Stellar nucleosynthesis
  • Explosive nucleosynthesis
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11
Q

How are heavy elements created?

A

Heavy elements are mainly produced in supernova explosions

Neutron star mergers also create supernova

These explosions have enough energy to slam nuclei together with sufficient force to form the larger nuclei

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12
Q

Definition

Minerals

5 points

A
  • Are Naturally occuring
  • Are inorganic
  • Are solids
  • Have a definite chemical composition
  • Have an ordered atomic arrangement
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13
Q

What are the main minerals meteorites contain?

A

Meteorites contain 4 main minerals

  • Olivine
  • Pyroxene
  • FeNi metal
  • Feldspar
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14
Q

What is the earth and other rocky plannes made from?

A

Same minerals as meterorites

  • Olivine
  • Pyroxene
  • FeNi metal
  • Feldspar
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15
Q

What is the Hadean earth?

A

4,567 to 3,900 Ma

A geologic eon of the Earth pre-dating the Archean

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16
Q

When did the moon form?

A

The moon formed 4,477 Ma

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17
Q

Key points

What are the characteristics of the Hadean?

List of 3

A
  • Headean earth had a magma ocean
  • Lower mantle may have been solid in the Hadean
  • Metal would sink through magma ocean and pond on the solid lower mantle
  • Molten metal would migrate to the core
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18
Q

What is the relationship between iron on earth and the moon?

A

Density indicates the moon is depleted in iron (has a smaller than expected core).
Earth is enriched in metallic iron (it has a larger than expected core).

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19
Q

What is the Continental crust made from ?

A

Mainly made up of

  • Quartzite
  • Granite
  • Limestone
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20
Q

What is the oceanic crust made from ?

A

Mainly made up of basalt (bluestone)

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21
Q

What is Mantle made from?

A

Mostly Olivine

22
Q

What is Isostasy?

A

The process whereby the crust floats on top of the mantle because the crust is less dense.

23
Q

What can ice do to plates?

A

The continental plates can bend like a beam when the weight of the ice is placed on top of it.

24
Q

What is a ‘Ma’?

A

1,000,000 years

I.e. on Million years

25
Q

What is ‘Ga’?

A

1 Billion Years

1,000,000,000 year

26
Q

What is photosynthis?

A

Evolution of photosynthesis is one of the major events in changing the composition of the atmosphere(decreasing CO₂ increasing O₂)

27
Q

What is a Bimodal Crust?

A

Means it has both oceanic and continental crust.

28
Q

Which planets in the solar system are bimodal?

A

Earth is the only bimodal planet in the solar system

29
Q

What are the Eons in order?

A
  • Hadean
  • Archean
  • Proterozoic
  • Phanerozoic
30
Q

What are the Eras in order?

A
  • Paleozonic
  • Mesozoic
  • Cainozonic
31
Q

What is the Lithosphere?

A

The part of the earth that behaves as a rigid elastic and plastic plate.

32
Q

What is the Asthenosphere?

A

The low viscosity mantle that more easily flows

33
Q

What are Divergent plate margins?

A
  1. Found in the middle of ocean
  2. Have a topography elevated 2-4km plane.
34
Q

What happens when Plates separate?

A

When Plates separate mantle surfaces decompresses and a new crust is formed.

35
Q

What are Convergent plate margins?

A
  1. Found at the border of oceans
  2. Have a depressed topography
  3. Abyssal plain is called a trench
36
Q

What are 3 types of convergent margins?

A
  1. Oceanic-continental convergence.
  2. Oceanic-oceanic convergence.
  3. Continental-contiental convergence
37
Q

What is the Transform margin?

A

The Transform Margin is when plates slide next to each other.

38
Q

What are the driving forces of plate tectonics?

A
  1. The release of radiogenic heat.
  2. The cold dense lithosphere sliding.
  3. Cold dense slab sinks into the mantle.
39
Q

What is the effect of plate tectonics on the atmosphere?

A

Plate tectonics controls the cycle of carbon and oxygen.

40
Q

Why does the earth not show much evidence of meteoric impacts?

A

The reasons earth does not show much evidence of meteoric impacts are:

  • Erosion
  • Plate tectonics
41
Q

What are Sedimentary rocks?

A

Formed from breakdown of rocks carried by water and deposited by the ocean.

42
Q

How are mountains formed?

A

Rocks are compressed together by plates moving towards each other, subducting or colliding rocks deform in response.

43
Q

List

Types of rock features

6 items

A
  • Folds
  • Anticline
  • Syncline
  • Faults
  • Thrust fault
  • Reverse fault
44
Q

Describe the rock feature

Describe the rock feature Folds ?

A

Wavelike undulations in rock layers

45
Q

Describe the rock feature

Describe the rock feature Anticline ?

A

rock bed dips away from the centre of the fold

46
Q

Describe the rock feature

Describe the rock feature Syncline ?

A

beds dip towards the centre of the fold

47
Q

Describe the rock feature

Describe the rock feature Faults ?

A

Brittle features where movement occurs on a discrete surface

48
Q

Describe the rock feature

Describe the rock feature Thrust fault?

A

A low angle fault

49
Q

Describe the rock feature

Describe the rock feature Reverse fault?

A

A steep angle fault.

50
Q

What is orogenesis?

A

Another name for continental convergence .

51
Q

Definition & Symbol

Annum

A

1 year

Symbol = ‘a’

LPC 2020 EAE1011 - Earth Science (4 decks)

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