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EAC Conversion MOD F > EAC Skeletal System > Flashcards

EAC Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

6 Functions of the Skeletal System

A 
Support
Protect
Movement
Mineral Storage
Blood Cell Production
Storage of Energy
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2
Q

6 Functions of the Skeletal System:

Support

A

Provides support for the soft tissues of the body, giving the body shape, and providing a point of attachment for skeletal muscles

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3
Q

6 Functions of the Skeletal System:

Protect

A

The vital organs such as the brain and the heart are protected by the bones of the skeleton

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4
Q

6 Functions of the Skeletal System:

Movement

A

Movement is facilitated by the bones of the skeleton which serve as levers to which muscles are attached, and by the articulating joints between bones

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5
Q

6 Functions of the Skeletal System:

Mineral Storage

A

Calcium and Phosphorus are stored in bones and can be distributed to other parts of the body as the need arises

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6
Q

6 Functions of the Skeletal System:

Blood Cell Production

A

Red Marrow, contained within the Spongy Bone, produces red blood cells, some white blood cells and platelets.

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7
Q

6 Functions of the Skeletal System:

Storage of energy

A

Fat contained in yellow marrow provides an important source of energy for the body.

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8
Q

Describe:

Basic Anatomical Structure of a Bone

A

Made of two types of bone tissue, Compact Bone and Spongy Bone, covered by Periosteum. Where one bone forms a joint with another bone, a layer of Cartilage covers the articulating surface of the bone in place of the Periosteum.

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9
Q

define:

Compact Bone

A

dense tissue containing few spaces, which has a high stress bearing point

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10
Q

define:

Spongy Bone

A

Lighter bone tissue characterised by many spaces which contain red marrow

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11
Q

describe:

Periosteum

A

Dense fibrous membrane that covers bones.

Contributes to bone growth and repair and contains blood vessels which nourish the cells of the bone tissue.

Provides attachment for ligaments and tendons.

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12
Q

describe:

Cartilage

A

where bones meet to form joints a layer of cartilage covers the articulating surface.

The articulating cartilage reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber

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13
Q

5 Classifications of Bone

A 
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
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14
Q

define:

Long Bone

A

Consist of an elongated shaft (Diaphysis) of compact bone

Two extremities (Epiphysis) composed mainly of spongy bone surrounded by a layer of compact bone.

Found in the limbs e.g. Humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, phalanges

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15
Q

define:

Short Bone

A

Consists of smaller masses of spongy bone surrounded by a layer of compact bone with no shaft.

They are generally cuboid in shape.

examples: carpus and tarsus

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16
Q

define:

Flat Bones

A

Consists of two layers of compact bone with a thin layer of spongy bone between.

They provide protection and extensive areas of muscle attachment.

Examples: Scapula, Pelvis, Cranium, Ribs.

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17
Q

define:

Irregular Bones

A

More complex in shape and therefore cannot be placed into other categories.

Similar to short bones in construction.

Examples: Vertebrae and several of the Facial Bones

18
Q

define:

Sesamoid Bones

A

Small bones which are located in the tendons around certain joints.

The patella is the largest and most important

19
Q

Cranial Bones
11.1 pg 3
pg 398 RW

A 
Frontal
Parietal x2
Occipital
Temporal x2
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
20
Q

Facial Bones
11.1 pg 3
pg 398 RW

A 
Mandible
Maxilla x2
Zygoma x2
Nasal x2
Lacrimal x2
Palatine x2
Inferior nasal conchae x2
Vomer
21
Q

Vertebral Column consists of:

A 
7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral - fused to form the Sacrum
4 Coccygeal - fused to form the coccyx
TOTAL 33 bones
22
Q

Purpose of:

Thoracic Cage

A

Contains and protects the heart and lungs

Concerned with the mechanism of respiration

23
Q

component bones of the Thoracic Cage

A

Sternum
12 pairs of ribs
Thoracic vertebrae

24
Q

types of Rib

A

True Ribs: upper 7 pairs. attached anteriorly to sternum

False Ribs: next 3 pairs. attached anteriorly to the rib above

Floating Ribs: 2 pairs. not attached anteriorly.

25
Q

describe:

Axial Skeleton

A

Follows the line of the axis of the body and includes: Skull, Spinal Column, thoracic cage

26
Q

describe:

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Made up of the bones in the upper and lower limbs and the pelvis. All of which are attached or appended to the axial skeleton.

27
Q

The Appendicular Skeleton:

Upper Limbs

A

Shoulder Blades and Collar Bones form the Shoulder Girdle, which attaches upper limbs to the thoracic cage.

bones of the upper limb: Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges

28
Q

The Appendicular Skeleton:

Lower Limbs

A

Are attached to the Pelvic Girdle

the bones of the lower limb: Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges

29
Q

Types of Joint

A

Immovable/Fibrous Joints
Slightly Moveable/Cartilaginous Joints
Freely Movable/Synovial Joints

30
Q

Types of Joint:

Immovable/Fibrous Joints

A

Bones of the skull

pelvis

31
Q

Types of Joint:

Slightly Moveable/Cartilaginous Joints

A

Symphysis pubis

Inter Vertebral

32
Q

Types of Joint:

Freely Moveable/Synovial Joints

A

Elbow

Hip, Knee

33
Q

types of Synovial Joints

A

Ball and socket Joints

Hinge Joint

Gliding Joint

Pivot Joint

34
Q

Describe and give examples of:

Ball and Socket Joints

A

Bones can move freely in all directions

Hip
Shoulder

35
Q

Describe and give examples of:

Hinge Joint

A

Allows flexion and extension in one direction only

Elbow
Knee

36
Q

Describe and give examples of:

Gliding Joint

A

Where bones glide on one another

Wrist
Ankle

37
Q

Describe and give examples of:

Pivot Joint

A

A joint which allows for rotation

Radius
Ulna

38
Q

Function of:

Ligaments

A

They attach bone to another bone at the site of a joint

composed of dense fibrous connective tissue

39
Q

Function of:

Tendons

A

Composed of dense fibrous connective tissue, which is continuous with the fibrous sheath covering each muscle. Attaches the periosteum of a bone, another muscle or the skin.

40
Q

Function of:

Muscle

A

Muscle tissue is highly specialised to generate force.
4 basic characteristics of Muscle:

Excitability: receive and respond to stimuli

Contractility: shorten and thicken, or contract, to meet the requirements communicated by the reception of a sufficient stimulus

Extensibility: the ability to be stretched or extended

Elasticity: The ability to return to its original shape following contraction or extension

EAC Conversion MOD F (20 decks)

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