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Ham Extra 2016-2020 > E6 Circuit Components > Flashcards

E6 Circuit Components Flashcards

1
Q

E6A01 (C) In what application is gallium arsenide used as a semiconductor material in preference to germanium or silicon?

A

C. In microwave circuits

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2
Q

E6A02 (A) Which of the following semiconductor materials contains excess free electrons?

A

A. N-type

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3
Q

E6A03 (C) Why does a PN-junction diode not conduct current when reverse biased?

A

C. Holes in P-type material and electrons in the N-type material are separated by the applied voltage, widening the depletion region

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4
Q

E6A04 (C) What is the name given to an impurity atom that adds holes to a semiconductor crystal structure?

A

C. Acceptor impurity

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5
Q

E6A05 (C) What is the alpha of a bipolar junction transistor?

A

C. The change of collector current with respect to emitter current

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6
Q

E6A06 (B) What is the beta of a bipolar junction transistor?

A

B. The change in collector current with respect to base current

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7
Q

E6A07 (D) Which of the following indicates that a silicon NPN junction transistor is biased on?

A

D. Base-to-emitter voltage of approximately 0.6 to 0.7 volts

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8
Q

E6A08 (D) What term indicates the frequency at which the grounded-base current gain of a transistor has decreased to 0.7 of the gain obtainable at 1 kHz?

A

D. Alpha cutoff frequency

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9
Q

E6A09 (A) What is a depletion-mode FET?

A

A. An FET that exhibits a current flow between source and drain when no gate voltage is applied

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10
Q

E6A10 (B) In Figure E6-2, what is the schematic symbol for an N-channel dual-gate MOSFET?

A

B. 4

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11
Q

E6A11 (A) In Figure E6-2, what is the schematic symbol for a P-channel junction FET?

A

A. 1

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12
Q

E6A12 (D) Why do many MOSFET devices have internally connected Zener diodes on the gates?

A

D. To reduce the chance of the gate insulation being punctured by static discharges or excessive voltages

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13
Q

E6A13 (C) What do the initials CMOS stand for?

A

C. Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor

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14
Q

E6A14 (C) How does DC input impedance at the gate of a field-effect transistor compare with the DC input impedance of a bipolar transistor?

A

C. An FET has high input impedance; a bipolar transistor has low input impedance

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15
Q

E6A15 (B) Which semiconductor material contains excess holes in the outer shell of electrons?

A

B. P-type

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16
Q

E6A16 (B) What are the majority charge carriers in N-type semiconductor material?

A

B. Free electrons

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17
Q

E6A17 (D) What are the names of the three terminals of a field-effect transistor?

A

D. Gate, drain, source

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18
Q

E6B01 (B) What is the most useful characteristic of a Zener diode?

A

B. A constant voltage drop under conditions of varying current

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19
Q

E6B02 (D) What is an important characteristic of a Schottky diode as compared to an ordinary silicon diode when used as a power supply rectifier?

A

D. Less forward voltage drop

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20
Q

E6B03 (C) What special type of diode is capable of both amplification and oscillation?

A

C. Tunnel

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21
Q

E6B04 (A) What type of semiconductor device is designed for use as a voltage-controlled capacitor?

A

A. Varactor diode

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22
Q

E6B05 (D) What characteristic of a PIN diode makes it useful as an RF switch or attenuator?

A

D. A large region of intrinsic material

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23
Q

E6B06 (D) Which of the following is a common use of a hot-carrier diode?

A

D. As a VHF/UHF mixer or detector

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24
Q

E6B07 (B) What is the failure mechanism when a junction diode fails due to excessive current?

A

B. Excessive junction temperature

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25
Q

E6B08 (A) Which of the following describes a type of semiconductor diode?

A

A. Metal-semiconductor junction

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26
Q

E6B09 (C) What is a common use for point contact diodes?

A

C. As an RF detector

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27
Q

E6B10 (B) In Figure E6-3, what is the schematic symbol for a light-emitting diode?

A

B. 5

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28
Q

E6B11 (A) What is used to control the attenuation of RF signals by a PIN diode?

A

A. Forward DC bias current

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29
Q

E6B12 (C) What is one common use for PIN diodes?

A

C. As an RF switch

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30
Q

E6B13 (B) What type of bias is required for an LED to emit light?

A

B. Forward bias

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31
Q

E6C01 (A) What is the function of hysteresis in a comparator?

A

A. To prevent input noise from causing unstable output signals

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32
Q

E6C02 (B) What happens when the level of a comparator’s input signal crosses the threshold?

A

B. The comparator changes its output state

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33
Q

E6C03 (A) What is tri-state logic?

A

A. Logic devices with 0, 1, and high impedance output states

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34
Q

E6C04 (B) What is the primary advantage of tri-state logic?

A

B. Ability to connect many device outputs to a common bus

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35
Q

E6C05 (D) What is an advantage of CMOS logic devices over TTL devices?

A

D. Lower power consumption

36
Q

E6C06 (C) Why do CMOS digital integrated circuits have high immunity to noise on the input signal or power supply?

A

C. The input switching threshold is about one-half the power supply voltage

37
Q

E6C07 (B) What best describes a pull-up or pull-down resistor?

A

B. A resistor connected to the positive or negative supply line used to establish a voltage when an input or output is an open circuit

38
Q

E6C08 (B) In Figure E6-5, what is the schematic symbol for a NAND gate?

A

B. 2

39
Q

E6C09 (B) What is a Programmable Logic Device (PLD)?

A

B. A programmable collection of logic gates and circuits in a single integrated circuit

40
Q

E6C10 (D) In Figure E6-5, what is the schematic symbol for a NOR gate?

A

D. 4

41
Q

E6C11 (C) In Figure E6-5, what is the schematic symbol for the NOT operation (inverter)?

A

C. 5

42
Q

E6C12 (D) What is BiCMOS logic?

A

D. An integrated circuit logic family using both bipolar and CMOS transistors

43
Q

E6C13 (C) Which of the following is an advantage of BiCMOS logic?

A

C. It has the high input impedance of CMOS and the low output impedance of bipolar transistors

44
Q

E6C14 (B) What is the primary advantage of using a Programmable Gate Array (PGA) in a logic circuit?

A

B. Complex logic functions can be created in a single integrated circuit

45
Q

E6D01 (A) How many turns will be required to produce a 5-microhenry inductor using a powdered-iron toroidal core that has an inductance index (A L) value of 40 microhenrys/100 turns?

A

A. 35 turns

46
Q

E6D02 (A) What is the equivalent circuit of a quartz crystal?

A

A. Motional capacitance, motional inductance, and loss resistance in series, all in parallel with a shunt capacitor representing electrode and stray capacitance

47
Q

E6D03 (A) Which of the following is an aspect of the piezoelectric effect?

A

A. Mechanical deformation of material by the application of a voltage

48
Q

E6D04 (B) Which materials are commonly used as a slug core in a variable inductor?

A

B. Ferrite and brass

49
Q

E6D05 (C) What is one reason for using ferrite cores rather than powdered-iron in an inductor?

A

C. Ferrite toroids generally require fewer turns to produce a given inductance value

50
Q

E6D06 (D) What core material property determines the inductance of a toroidal inductor?

A

D. Permeability

51
Q

E6D07 (B) What is the usable frequency range of inductors that use toroidal cores, assuming a correct selection of core material for the frequency being used?

A

B. From less than 20 Hz to approximately 300 MHz

52
Q

E6D08 (B) What is one reason for using powdered-iron cores rather than ferrite cores in an inductor?

A

B. Powdered-iron cores generally maintain their characteristics at higher currents

53
Q

E6D09 (C) What devices are commonly used as VHF and UHF parasitic suppressors at the input and output terminals of a transistor HF amplifier?

A

C. Ferrite beads

54
Q

E6D10 (A) What is a primary advantage of using a toroidal core instead of a solenoidal core in an inductor?

A

A. Toroidal cores confine most of the magnetic field within the core material

55
Q

E6D11 (C) How many turns will be required to produce a 1-mH inductor using a core that has an inductance index (A L) value of 523 millihenrys/1000 turns?

A

C. 43 turns

56
Q

E6D12 (C) What is the definition of saturation in a ferrite core inductor?

A

C. The ability of the inductor’s core to store magnetic energy has been exceeded

57
Q

E6D13 (A) What is the primary cause of inductor self-resonance?

A

A. Inter-turn capacitance

58
Q

E6D14 (B) Which type of slug material decreases inductance when inserted into a coil?

A

B. Brass

59
Q

E6D15 (A) What is current in the primary winding of a transformer called if no load is attached to the secondary?

A

A. Magnetizing current

60
Q

E6D16 (D) What is the common name for a capacitor connected across a transformer secondary that is used to absorb transient voltage spikes?

A

D. Snubber capacitor

61
Q

E6D17 (A) Why should core saturation of a conventional impedance matching transformer be avoided?

A

A. Harmonics and distortion could result

62
Q

E6E01 (C) Which of the following is true of a charge-coupled device (CCD)?

A

C. It samples an analog signal and passes it in stages from the input to the output

63
Q

E6E02 (A) Which of the following device packages is a through-hole type?

A

A. DIP

64
Q

E6E03 (D) Which of the following materials is likely to provide the highest frequency o

A

D. Gallium nitride

65
Q

E6E04 (A) Which is the most common input and output impedance of circuits that use MMICs?

A

A. 50 ohms

66
Q

E6E05 (A) Which of the following noise figure values is typical of a low-noise UHF preamplifier?

A

A. 2 dB

67
Q

E6E06 (D) What characteristics of the MMIC make it a popular choice for VHF through microwave circuits?

A

D. Controlled gain, low noise figure, and constant input and output impedance over the specified frequency range

68
Q

E6E07 (B) Which of the following is typically used to construct a MMIC-based microwave amplifier?

A

B. Microstrip construction

69
Q

E6E08 (A) How is voltage from a power supply normally furnished to the most common type of monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC)?

A

A. Through a resistor and/or RF choke connected to the amplifier output lead

70
Q

E6E09 (D) Which of the following component package types would be most suitable for use at frequencies above the HF range?

A

D. Surface mount

71
Q

E6E10 (D) What is the packaging technique in which leadless components are soldered directly to circuit boards?

A

D. Surface mount

72
Q

E6E11 (D) What is a characteristic of DIP packaging used for integrated circuits?

A

D. A total of two rows of connecting pins placed on opposite sides of the package (Dual In-line Package)

73
Q

E6E12 (B) Why are high-power RF amplifier ICs and transistors sometimes mounted in ceramic packages?

A

B. Better dissipation of heat

74
Q

E6F01 (B) What is photoconductivity?

A

B. The increased conductivity of an illuminated semiconductor

75
Q

E6F02 (A) What happens to the conductivity of a photoconductive material when light shines on it?

A

A. It increases

76
Q

E6F03 (D) What is the most common configuration of an optoisolator or optocoupler?

A

D. An LED and a phototransistor

77
Q

E6F04 (B) What is the photovoltaic effect?

A

B. The conversion of light to electrical energy

78
Q

E6F05 (A) Which describes an optical shaft encoder?

A

A. A device which detects rotation of a control by interrupting a light source with a patterned wheel

79
Q

E6F06 (A) Which of these materials is affected the most by photoconductivity?

A

A. A crystalline semiconductor

80
Q

E6F07 (B) What is a solid state relay?

A

B. A device that uses semiconductors to implement the functions of an electromechanical relay

81
Q

E6F08 (C) Why are optoisolators often used in conjunction with solid state circuits when switching 120VAC?

A

C. Optoisolators provide a very high degree of electrical isolation between a control circuit and the circuit being switched

82
Q

E6F09 (D) What is the efficiency of a photovoltaic cell?

A

D. The relative fraction of light that is converted to current

83
Q

E6F10 (B) What is the most common type of photovoltaic cell used for electrical power generation?

A

B. Silicon

84
Q

E6F11 (B) What is the approximate open-circuit voltage produced by a fully-illuminated silicon photovoltaic cell?

A

B. 0.5 V

85
Q

E6F12 (C) What absorbs the energy from light falling on a photovoltaic cell?

A

C. Electrons

86
Q

E6F13 (B) What is a liquid crystal display (LCD)?

A

B. A display utilizing a crystalline liquid and polarizing filters which becomes opaque when voltage is applied

87
Q

E6F14 (B) Which of the following is true of LCD displays?

A

B. They may be hard view through polarized lenses

Ham Extra 2016-2020 (10 decks)

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