E3: everything else Flashcards
What is the most common motor disorder and how do you treat it?
Essential tremor
Treat w/ Propanolol or Primidone
What is the MOA of botulinum toxin?
Interferes with SNARE proteins in presynaptic cell –> inhibition of Ach release
What are the limbs of the corneal reflex?
Afferent: V1
Efferent: VII
Where is the lesion in right hemianopia of the left eye?
Right optic tract
Where is the lesion in right superior homonymous quadrantopia of the left eye?
Meyer’s loop (temporal lobe infarct) –> post-chiasmal
What is papilledema?
Optic disc swelling due to increased intracranial pressure
CN XI lesion results in loss of function on which side?
Ipsilateral
What are the abnormal results of a Weber’s test?
Conductive –> Affected Ear
Sensorineural –> Unaffected ear
What are the limbs of the gag reflex?
Afferent: IX
Efferent: X
Patient presents with dysphagia, dysarthria, and difficulty gagging. Where is the lesion?
Efferent limb –> CN X
Which nerve is tested in Hoffmann’s reflex?
Median nerve - C5-7
Which muscles are involved in Hoffmann’s reflex?
Stretched: lumbricals 1 and 2, flexor pollicis brevis
Contracted: abductor pollicis or opponens pollicis
What is the abnormal result in testing Hoffmann’s reflex?
Thumb flexion
Abnormal Hoffmann’s reflex indicates what kind of lesion?
UMN lesion (corticospinal tract)
Which nerve is tested in the jaw jerk reflex?
CN V3
What are the limbs of the biceps reflex?
Musculocutaneous nerve - C5,6
What are the limbs of the Achilles reflex?
Tibial nerve - S1-2
Absent direct response, present consensual response. Where is the lesion?
Ipsilateral damage to CN III or Edinger-Westphal nucleus
Present direct response, absent consensual response. Where is the lesion?
Contralateral damage to CN III or Edinger-Westphal nucleus
What are the limbs of the pupillary light reflex?
Afferent: CN II
Efferent: CN III
What is the chemical formula for extraocular muscles?
LR6SO4R3
Nystagmus on abduction. Where is the lesion?
Contralateral MLF
Inability of the eye to abduct. Where is the lesion?
CN VI
What nerves are tested in the Glabellar reflex?
Afferent: CN V
Efferent: CN VII