Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Principles of Anesthesia I (Andy’s Copy) > E3 - Compressed Gases and Vaporizers > Flashcards

E3 - Compressed Gases and Vaporizers Flashcards

1
Q

PSI stands for:

A

pounds per square inch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the gases that do not liquefy at ordinary ambient temperatures regardless of the pressure applied? Select 3
A. O2
B. air
C. nitrous
D. CO2
E. CO
F. helium

A

A. Oxygen
B. Air
F. Helium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A liquified gas can become a liquid at ambient temperature and at pressures from ____- _____psi
A. 15 to 1000 psi
B. 25 to 1500 psi
C. 20 to 1000 psi
D. 30 to 1250 psi

A

B. 25 to 1500 psi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are 2 examples of liquified gases?
A. air
B. N2O
C. CO
D. CO2
E. O2

A

B. Nitrous oxide
D. Carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What government agencies are involved with compressed gases used in the OR and how are they involved? Select 3
A. FDA… labeling
B. DOT… purity
C. Dept of Labor/OSHA… employee safety
D. FDA… purity
E. DOT…. storage, handling
F. Dept of Labor/OSHA… marking

A

C. OSHA (employee safety)
D. FDA (purity of substance)
E. DOT (marking, labeling, storage, handling)
And:
National Fire Protection Association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are components of the cylinder: Select 3.
A. pressure relief device
B. PEEP
C. neck
D. PISS
E. valve
F. cap

A

A. Pressure Relief Device
D. Pin Index Safety System (PISS)
E. Valve
And: body & Handle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the body of the cylinder made out of? What kind of bases do they have?
A. steel; concave
B. aluminum; round
C. plastic; concave
D. steel carbon fiber; convex

A

A. Steel , Steel Carbon Fiber , or Aluminum ; Flat or concave bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the valve of the cylinder made out of? Where is it attached?
A. silver; to the neck
B. bronze or brass; to the handle
C. silver; to the body
D. bronze or brass; to the neck

A

D. Bronze or Brass; attached to the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the valve on the cylinder?
A. prevents discharge of gas
B. allows refilling and discharge of gas
C. allows removal of gas
D. prevents escape of gas

A

B. The valve is attached to the neck of the cylinder and allows refilling and discharge of gas

O2 tanks are now refilled away from the facility.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is used to open/close the cylinder?

A

Handle

duh

Handles should be attached to EVERY cylinder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What component vents cylinder contents to the atmosphere if pressure increases to a dangerous level (overheating or filling)?
A. Valve closes
B. Non-fusible plug
C. Pressure relief device
D. Disc that sticks

A

C. Pressure relief device

can be a disc that opens, a fusible plug that melts, or a valve opens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the Pin Index Safety System?
A. pins that click cylinder in
B. pins numbered but do not fit specific hole
C. pins that fit corresponding holes in the cylinder valves
D. pins that could correspond to multiple cylinders

A

C. Pins protrude from yokes and fit corresponding holes in the cylinder valves, providing a mostly “fool-proof” way of connecting the appropriate gas to the appropriate valve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most common cylinder size on anesthesia machines?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. E

A

E. Cylinder size E on anesthesia machines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What size cylinders are used for transport?
A. A
B. E
C. D
D. C

A

C. Cylinder size D are used for transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the smallest size cylinder?
A. A
B. F
C. E
D. D

A

A. Cylinder size A is the smallest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the O2 tank PSI? wall PSI?
A. approx 45 psi; wall - 35-40 psi
B. approx 30 psi; wall - 50-55 psi
C. approx 45 psi; wall - 50-55 psi
D. approx 30 psi; wall - 35-40 psi

A

C. approx 45 psi; wall - 50-55 psi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T/F: O2 tank must remain closed.

A

True.
Per Dr Kane: if left open and wall pressure fails, no audible alarm to let us know that we’re switching from wall pressure to tank pressure and to let us know if we have mins left before the pt is just breathing room air lol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the pressure and content of a full non-liquified (o2, air, helium) gas tank on an anesthesia machine?
Half?
Quarter full?
empty?

A

Full: 1900; 600 L
Half: 950 psi; 330 L
Quarter full: 475 psi; 165 L
empty: 0 psi; 0 L

Non-liquified gases: Pressure decreases as volume decreases. Half the volume, Half the psi.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

For liquified gases (N2O, CO2), the pressure depends on ______.
A. volume
B. vapor pressure
C. content
D. liquid remaining

A

B. Vapor Pressure
This makes the pressure in tank NOT an indication of remaining volume.

Note: the full and half tank of Nitrous, but tanks have a pressure of 745 psi. Pressure is not an indicator of volume for liquified gas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations for cylinders? Select 3
A. next service date
B. test date
C. name and address of manufacturer
D. hectagon shaped label
E. expiration date of contents
F. name and address of hospital

A

B. test date
C. name and address of manufacturer
E. expiration date of contents

Entire List:
* Service pressure
* Test date
* Diamond shaped label indicating hazard of gas…danger, warning, or caution
* Name and address of manufacturer
* Expiration date of contents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cylinder Standards: Valves, regulators, gauges should never come into contact with what? Select 2

A. hand sanitizer
B. oil, lube
C. perfume
D. grease
E. hairspray

A

B. Oil, Lubricants
D. Grease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cylinder Standards: Should never subject cylinder to temps above ______
A. 50 deg C
B. 52 deg C
C. 54 deg C
D. 56 deg C

A

C. 54 deg C (130 F)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cylinder Standards: Never cross use what?

A
  • Hoses
  • Regulators
  • Gauges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cylinder Standards: What must not be altered?

A
  • Original Markings on Cylinder
  • Original Labels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Associate the color with gas:
Green
Blue
Yellow
White

A
  • Green = Oxygen
  • Blue = Nitrous
  • Yellow = Air
  • White = Suction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe the conditions of storage rooms for cylinder tanks.

A
  • Adequate ventilation
  • “No smoking,” or “No Combustibles” signs
  • Cylinders are not exposed to corrosive chemicals, fumes
  • Stored upright in bins
  • Full tanks separated from empty tanks
  • Do not wrap or drape cylinders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Things to consider when using gas cylinders. Select 3.
A. Check if tamper seal is removed
B. Inspect label, pin index holes, regulator, valve outlet
C. Check to make sure there are 2 washers in place
D. Open the valve (slowly) to relieve excess pressure before bringing the cylinder to pt
E. Face valve outlet toward people
F. Allow leaks to ensure the pressure isn’t too high

A

B. Inspect label, pin index holes, regulator, valve outlet
A. Check if tamper seal is removed
D. Open the valve (slowly) to relieve excess pressure before bringing the cylinder to pt

ALSO:
* Check if (ONE) washer is in place
* Face valve outlet away from people
* Check service pressure
* Correct leaks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How do oxygen, nitrous, and air get delivered throughout the hospital?
A. tank trucks outside
B. from other hospitals
C. only tanks
D. pipeline systems

A

D. Pipeline Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Where are the 2 possible locations for the Central Supply?
A. Outdoors in open field
B. Indoors in secure area
C. Indoors in non-secured area
D. Outdoors in an enclosure

A

B. Indoors in secure area
D. Outdoors in an enclosure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

A Central Supply “bank” must contain gas for at least how many days?

A
  • 2 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What cylinder size would an oxygen bank be?
A. A and D
B. B and C
C. D and E
D. G and H

A

D. G and H cylinders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Differentiate between a gaseous and liquid oxygen supply source.

A
  • Gaseous oxygen supply is contained in large G/H cylinders, refilled on-site or transported
  • Liquid oxygen supply is less expensive and more convenient to store, refilled by supply trucks, service can not be interrupted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the three classes of piping?

A
  • Main lines: connect gas source to risers
  • Risers: vertical pipes connecting main line with branch lines on each level of the facility
  • Branch: sections supplying a room or group of rooms on one level of the facility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What permit specific areas of the piping system to be isolated for problems /maintenance?
A. risers valves
B. turn on valves
C. shut off valves
D. main line valves

A

C. Shut-off Valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The area alarm system must be in at least which 2 places?
A. maintenance
B. house supervisor
C. the unaffected unit
D. engineering
E. OR main desk

A

A. maintenance
D. engineering
Also should be in: affected unit and/or critical life support area

bottom line: system MUST alarm in at least 2 places!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The area alarm system will be triggered if pressure increases/decreases ____ % from normal.

A
  • 20%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Area system alarm must be ________ AND ________.
A. inaudible and invisible
B. inaudible and visible
C. audible and invisible
D. audible and visible

A

D. audible AND visible

cmon now

38
Q

What are terminal units?
A. the point in piped gas distribution where user connects and disconnects by hose
B. user is not able to connect and disconnect by hose
C. the point in risers where user connects and disconnects by hose
D. the point in main branch where user connects and disconnects by hose

A

A. Point in piped gas distribution where user connects and disconnects by hose

39
Q

What safety system does the terminal unit use for wall units?
A. NISS
B. SISS
C. DISS
D. PISS

A

C. Diameter Index Safety System (DISS)
PISS for cylinders and DISS for wall units

Nipple and nut vary in bore and diameter

40
Q

What allows convenient connection with one/both hands to terminal units?

What is the drawback to this?

A
  • Quick Connectors
  • Drawback: Quick Connectors leak more
41
Q

Where are 3 possible locations for Quick Connects?

A
  • Wall
  • Ceiling - mounted
  • Ceiling column
42
Q

Volatile anesthetics exist in a liquid state below what temperature?
A. 18 deg C
B. 20 deg C
C. 30 deg C
D. 68 deg C

A

B. 20C (68F)

43
Q

In a closed container, molecules escape liquid to __________ phase.
A. solid
B. vapor
C. slushee

A

B. Vapor

44
Q

Saturated vapor pressure (SVP) is when equilibrium is achieved between:
A. the vapor and solid phases at a opposite temperature
B. the liquid and vapor phases at a constant temperature
C. the liquid and vapor phases at a opposite temperature
D. the vapor and gas phases at a constant temperature

A

B. the liquid and vapor phases at a constant temperature

Basically, when vapor moleculeshit walls of a container until it has reached an equilibrium of the liquid’s surface!

Gas phase above liquid contains all the vapor it can hold

45
Q

State Dalton’s Law

A
  • Sum of all the Partial Pressures (P1 + P2 + P3…) = Total Pressure
46
Q

Define Partial pressure

A

Part of the total pressure of any one gas in a mixture

47
Q

What is the concentration of a gas in a mixture expressed as a percentage

A

Volume percent

48
Q

Partial Pressure / Total Pressure =

A

Volume percent

49
Q

Vapor pressure is independent of _______
A. temperature
B. liquid state
C. barometric pressure
D. subatmospheric pressure

A

C. Atmospheric Pressure (Barometric Pressure)

50
Q

Vapor pressure is dependent on what 2 things?
A. Characteristics of vapor
B. temperature of vapor
C. Characteristics of liquid
D. temperature of liquid

A

C. Characteristics of liquid
D. Temperature of liquid

51
Q

Vapor Pressure of Halothane (Fluothane)

A
  • 243 mmHg
52
Q

Vapor Pressure of Enflurane (Ethrane)

A
  • 175 mmHg
53
Q

Vapor Pressure of Isoflurane (Forane)

A
  • 238 mmHg
54
Q

Vapor Pressure of Desflurane (Suprane)

A
  • 669 mmHg
55
Q

Vapor Pressure of Sevoflurane (Ultane)

A
  • 157 mmHg
56
Q

The temperature at which vapor pressure equals to atmospheric pressure.

A
  • Boiling point
57
Q

Which volatile anesthetic has a vapor pressure almost equal to atmospheric pressure?

A
  • Desflurane (Suprane)
  • Boiling point of Desflurane 22.8C (73F)
58
Q

The number of calories necessary to convert 1 gram of liquid into vapor (or 1 mL of liquid to vapor).

A
  • Heat of Vaporization
59
Q

What happens to the liquid temperature and vapor pressure as carrier gas flows through the vaporizer, causing the vapor molecules to leave?

A
  • Liquid temperature drops, causing vapor pressure to drop
  • There will be an equilibrium shift, more molecules in a liquid state
  • Output of vapor will decrease

More heat will be needed to increase vapor output.
Vapor pressure is dependent on heat (temperature).

60
Q

Number of calories required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance 1 degree C

A
  • Specific Heat

The higher the specific heat, the more heat required to raise the temp of the substance

61
Q

Specific Heat of Water

A

1 cal/g

The Standard!

62
Q

Material with higher specific heat minimize _________.
A. vapor pressure
B. temperature variation
C. conductivity
D. equilibrium

A

B. Temperature Variation

63
Q

The ‘speed’ at which heat flows through a substance is called:
A. evaporization
B. specific heat
C. vapor pressure
D. thermal conductivity

A

D. Thermal Conductivity

The higher the thermal conductivity, the better the substance conducts heat (think coffee mug has high thermal conductivity))

64
Q

Metals with high thermal conductivity minimize ____________ during vaporization.

A
  • temperature swings

Copper and Aluminum have the best thermal conductivity

65
Q

A device that changes a liquid anesthetic agent to a vapor and adds a controlled amount of that vapor to fresh gas flow in the breathing system.

A
  • Vaporizer
66
Q

Modern vaporizers are _________-calibrated and variable bypass.

A
  • Concentration
67
Q

Where is the vaporizer located?

A
  • Between flow meter and common gas outlet
68
Q

What happens if the vaporizer is before the flow meter?

What happens if the vaporizer is after the common gas outlet?

A
  • Carrier gas will be on the wrong side and will not be able to pick up adequate vapor molecules
  • There will be less stability and flow of vapor molecules delivered to the patient
69
Q

What regulates the concentration of the volatile in the vaporizer (variable bypass)?

A
  • The concentration dial
70
Q

What makes up the splitting ratio?

A

Vaporizing chamber flow rate: Bypass pathway flow rate

Higher splitting ratio means more flow will go through vaporizing chamber, higher anesthetic gas delivery.

71
Q

What are the two types of vaporizers?

A
  • Flow-over (modern)
  • Bubble through (older)
72
Q

Why is desflurane heated in the vaporizer when its boiling point is at room temperature?

A
  • There is a lot of variability at room temperature.
  • Desflurane is heated to a precisely controlled temperature and stable vapor phase.
  • The heated vapor is then “injected” into the fresh gas flow to deliver a precise anesthetic concentration.
73
Q

What factors can influence vaporizer output and potentially be hazardous?

A
  • Placing incorrect agent in the vaporizer
  • Flow Rate
  • Pumping Effect
  • Effects of Rebreathing
  • Barometric Pressure
  • Tipping
  • Overfilling
  • Leaks
74
Q

Why is placing the incorrect volatile agent in the vaporizer unlikely?
A.
B.
C.
D.

A
  • Filling systems are agent-specific
75
Q

What should the monitor show if incorrect agent is added to vaporizer?
A. would detect 2 vapors (incorrect + correct)
B. higher ETCO2
C. lower ETCO2
D. higher ET O2

A

A. the monitor will detect 2 vapors if incrorect agent is added to the vaporizer

76
Q

What happens to the vaporizer output if the flow rate is less than 250 ml/min?

A
  • Output will be less than setting
  • High density of volatile prevents upward movement of molecules
77
Q

What happens to the vaporizer output if the flow rate is greater than 15 L/min?

A
  • Output will be less than setting
  • Failure to saturate carrier gas because the carrier gas is too fast.
78
Q

What are two common causes of the anesthesia machine’s intermittent back pressure (pumping effect)?
A. CO2 absorbent exhausted
B. NPV
C. PPV
D. O2 flush valve
E. Scavenging system blocked

A

C. Positive Pressure Ventilation
D. Oxygen Flush Valve

79
Q

The pumping effect is more pronounced with: Select 2
A. high flow rates
B. low flow rates
C. high dial settings
D. low levels of liquid in vaporizing chamber

A

B. Low flow rates
D. Low levels of liquid in the vaporizing chamber
AND: Low dial settings

80
Q

What problem does the pumping effect have on vaporizer output?
A. inconsistency in maintaining alveolar pressure of anesthetic vapors
B. can’t maintain inspiratory pressure of anesthetic vapors
C. causes more rebreathing
D. causes low levels of liquid in chamber

A

A. Inconsistency in maintaining alveolar pressure of anesthetic vapors

Negate the pumping effect by maintaining adequate flow rate and dial setting!

81
Q

What object in the anesthesia machine counters the pumping effect?
A. shorter tube for inlet of vaporizing chamber
B. vaporizer interlock
C. larger vaporizer chambers
D. check valve

A

D. Machine Outlet Check Valve
and:
* Smaller vaporizing chambers
* Baffle systems
* Longer tube for the inlet of vaporizing chamber

82
Q

Effects of rebreathing with high FGF

Effects of rebreathing with low FGF

A
  • Little exhaled gas rebreathed
  • Significant rebreathing with low FGF
83
Q

Vaporizers are calculated at __________

A
  • sea level (760 mmHg)
84
Q

How does tipping affect vaporizer output?

A
  • There will be an excessively high output due to liquid entering the bypass chamber
85
Q

Vaporizer leaks can be caused by:
A. opened gas tank
B. tight caps
C. drain valves
D. broken dial

A

C. Drain valves
and:
* Loose filler caps
* Vaporizer/mounting bracket interface

86
Q

What would be 2 indicators of vaporizer leaks?

A
  • Odor of gas
  • Lower than expected inhaled concentration
87
Q

What will be the patient consequence of a vaporizer leak?

A
  • Patient awareness
88
Q

What are vaporizer safety standards?

A
  • Average concentrations +/- 20% of setting
  • Gas may not pass through more than 1 vaporizer
  • Output of vaporizer <0.05% in OFF
  • All control knobs counterclockwise
  • Filling levels displayed
89
Q

What are the mounting standards of the vaporizer? Select 3.
A. permanent
B. locking lever on back
C. easily removed and replaced
D. low weight of vaporizer
E. detachable
F. does not create a seal so it can be removed easier

A

B. Locking lever on the back
C. Easily removed and replaced (especially for MH)
E. Detachable
and:
* Weight of vaporizer and “O” ring creates seal

90
Q

What prevents more than 1 vaporizer from being turned on at a time?

A
  • Interlock Device

Principles of Anesthesia I (Andy’s Copy) (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions