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ASDOH Pharm II > E3 Autoimmune > Flashcards

E3 Autoimmune Flashcards

1
Q

What is the protective function known as self-tolerance?

A

prevent the body from attacking itself

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2
Q

dampen the actions of both helper T cells and cytotoxic cells

A

Suppressor T cells

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3
Q

Suppressor T cells regulate?

A

critical for regulating immune reactions

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4
Q

Human immune system does not react

to one’s own antigens

A

Immunologic tolerance

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5
Q

When self-tolerance fails, activated T
cells and antibodies attack the
individual’s own cells and tissues =

A

autoimmunity

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6
Q

What is Self-tolerance?

A

 ability to recognize self antigens

 acquired during fetal life

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7
Q

What is immune tolerance?

A

is the body’s ability to discriminate between

self antigens and non-self antigens

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8
Q

Two factors are necessary for development of

Autoimmunity

A
  1. Inherited susceptibility genes
    - –Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes
  2. Environmental triggers
    • infection
    • high fever
    • trauma
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9
Q

What T cells are activated when infection is a trigger for autoimmune disease?

A

activate antigen-specific T

lymphocytes and self-reactive T lymphocytes

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10
Q

Adverse gastrointestinal effects of Aspirin

A

Ulceration and bleeding

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11
Q

Adverse Effects on Special senses of Aspirin

A

 Tinnitusis sign of toxicity to aspirin

 Requires decrease in dose

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12
Q

Adverse Effects on Respiratory system of Aspirin

A

 Toxic levels may cause central respiratory paralysis =

respiratory acidosis

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13
Q

Adverse Effects on the kidney of Aspirin

A

 Retention of sodium and water

 May cause hyperkalemia and edema in some patients

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14
Q

Contraindicated in aspirin/NSAID allergic patients(cross-sensitivity)

A

celebrex (Celecoxib)

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15
Q

Interleukin 1b and tumor necrosis factor

alpha are

A

proinflammatory cytokines

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16
Q

Excessive production of cortisol

A

Cushing’s Disease (primary disorder)

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17
Q

Insufficient production of cortisol

A

Addison’s disease (primary disorder)

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18
Q

What happens in Medication-Induced Adrenal Insufficiency

A 
 Secondary disorder
 taking glucocorticoid medications
(exogenous steroids) suppresses the
body’s own production of endogenous
steroids
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19
Q

Associated with chronic steroid use

A

Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency

Condition usually does not produce
symptoms unless patient is significantly
stressed (or not enough circulating cortisol)

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20
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Adrenal Crisis

A 
 Profuse sweating
 Hypotension
 Weak pulse
 Dyspnea
 Cyanosis
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21
Q

Mechanism of Action of Steroids

A

Anti-inflammatory effects

Peripheral leukocytes

 Increases in concentration in neutrophils
 decrease in lymphocytes (T and B cells), monocytes, eosinophils and
basophils

Inhibition of phospholipase A
 Decreases production of both prostaglandins and
leukotrienes from arachidonic acid

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22
Q

Steroid Prep most likely to cause

adrenal suppression

A

oral steroids

23
Q

Alternate day therapy is used for patients

who must take

A

steroids for longer than 1

month

24
Q

Any medication dosage that exceeds this

amount may cause suppression

A

20-30 mg

hydrocortisone equivalent

25
Q

Adverse Events Associated with Chronic Steroid Use avoid taking these two things together…

A

avoid aspirin and NSAIDS

26
Q

Oral Side Effects of Steroids

A

 Candidiasis = most common
 Poor wound healing= long-term use
 Masking of oral infections= anti-inflammatory
Xerostomia

27
Q

Steroids in dentistry are used for…

A

 For reduction of pain and swelling

 Treatment of inflammatory pathologies of oral mucosa

28
Q

Avoid steroids with

A

 Avoid in pregnant/lactating women

Use with extreme caution in pediatric
patients

Geriatric patients more susceptible to
hypertension and osteoporosis side effects

29
Q

Determination of the lethal dose

A

= LD50 Dose of a particular drug that kills 50% of the mice who take it.

30
Q

Determination of effectiveness =

A

Dose of a drug that causes an effect in 50%

of the total numbers of mice that received it

31
Q

The margin of safety is…

A

LD50 divided by the ED50

32
Q

A small TI represents

A

a small (or “narrow”) therapeutic window = requires monitoring

33
Q

detoxication Typically uses which enzymes?

A

cytochrome P450 liver
enzyme system to create water soluble
molecules to allow for elimination

34
Q

What is selective toxicity?

A
  1. Attack targets that are unique to the
    pathogen/cancer cell that are not present in the
    host
  2. Attack targets in the pathogen or cancer cell that
    are similar but not identical to those in the host
  3. Attack targets in the pathogen/cancer cell that are
    shared by the host, but that vary in importance
    between the pathogen and the host-selective action: more important to pathogen than host
35
Q

P 53 surpasses tumors by?

A

– Active DNA repair proteins
– Hold cell cycle at G1/S regulation point so that
DNA repair proteins will fix damage, then cell
allowed to continue cell cycle
– Can initiate apoptosis is damage is irreparable
– Induce growth arrest

36
Q

What kinetics do tumor cells express?

A

First order

37
Q

These types of cancer masses don’t respond well to chemotherapy, and require?

A

Tumors

Radiation or surgery

38
Q

What is the “triple cocktail” ?

A

Antiretrovirals for HIV

 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
with a protease inhibitor

39
Q

What kinds of things do heavy mettles do to animal cells?

A 
– Disrupt enzymatic and transport
processes 
– Loss of energy production 
– Loss of ion regulation 
– Potential carcinogenesis
40
Q

most common

arsenic containing mineral

A

arsenopyrite

41
Q

Arsenic (As) Local effects

A

dermatological

42
Q

signs of Arsenic poisoning

A

Vasodilation of capillaries (arsenic binds to contractile mechanism so cannot contract)

– Rosy complexion
– Edema
– No wrinkles

43
Q

Gi effects of arsenic

A

very unpleasant death (vomiting leads to fluid loss and CV collapse)

44
Q

What poisoning is able to diagnosed this

poisoning due to smell.

A

Garlic Breath

Arsenic (As)

45
Q

What is Argyria?

A

Silver and silver containing compounds become absorbed into circulatory system and deposited into body tissues

46
Q

Gold salts are toxic to…

A

Liver and Kidneys

47
Q

Gold toxicity manifests as…

A

dermatitis, metallic taste in
mouth, proteinuria, GI symptoms,
aplastic anemia

48
Q

Antidote to gold poisoning…

A

dimercaprol or penicillamine

49
Q

Exposure to Mercury causes?

A

Tremors, impaired cognitive skills, and
sleep disturbance in workers with chronic
exposure to mercury vapor even at low
concentrations in the range 0.7–42 μg/m3

50
Q

Mercury toxicity occurs at what concentrations?

A

1.1 to 44 mg/m3 resulted in chest pain,
dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, impairment
of pulmonary function, and evidence of
interstitial pneumonia

51
Q

With continuing exposure what develops?

A

fine tremor develops and may escalate to violent
muscular spasms. Tremor initially involves
the hands and later spreads to the eyelids,
lips, and tongue.

52
Q

This kind of mercury causes…

– Neurotoxicity with neuropsychiatric effects
– Acute poisoning = pneumonitis

A

elemental mercury

53
Q

This kind of mercury causes corrosive to oral cavity
and gut

– Used in dental amalgam
– Kidney damage

A

Inorganic mercury

54
Q

Why is lead toxic?

A

Enzyme inhibitor in the production of
heme

Accumulates in CNS

GI, CV effects

ASDOH Pharm II (9 decks)

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