E2 respiratory system SLIDES Flashcards
What is the primary biological function of the respiratory system?
Breathing for life support
What is the secondary function of the respiratory system
breathing for speech
What is the overlaid function of the respiratory system
breathing for speech
What are the other words for inspiration and expiration
inhalation and exhalation
what king of airflow do we speak on
egressive
Who came up with the idea of egressive air flow
Boyle’s law
Gas at a constant temperature, increases the volume of the air chamber in which the gas is contained will cause a corresponding decrease in pressure
In Boyle’s law, what is the gas we are talking about
oxygen
In Boyle’s law, what is the chamber we are talking about
lungs
Given Boyle’s law, what happens to pressure when you increase the size of the container
pressure decreases
Given Boyle’s law, when the pressure of the chamber decreases, where does the air go
into the lungs
Given Boyle’s law, how does the air flow out of the lungs
pressure in the lungs increases
Given Boyle’s law, how does the air flow out of the lungs
The pressure in the lungs increases
What and where is atmospheric pressure
air outside the body
When the pressure inside the lungs is negative and the atmospheric pressure is positive, which way does the airflow
into the lungs
What bony structures support the respiratory system
Pelvic girdle
Spinal column
Pectoral girdle
Ribs and rib cage / thorax
how many pairs of ribs do we have
12
Where are ALL the ribs attached
posteriorly at the vertebral column
What is the anterior attachment of the first 10 ribs
the sternum
What is special about the lower two ribs
They are floating
They are only connected posteriorly to the vertebral column
Not attached to the anteriorly to the sternum
How does the rib cage move
Upward in the front - vertical - pump handle
Outward on the side - transversal/lateral - bucket handle
Front to back - anteroposterior
The ribs move up and out when we inhale OR exhale
inhale
The cartilaginous tube that runs to our lungs is the ____
trachea
The tube that is posterior to the trachea and goes to the stomach is the
esophagus
Why are there an uneven number of lobes in the lungs
Right = three
Left = two
Left needs more room for the mediastinum (contains the heart and some other organs)
In the lungs, where does the exchange of gas take place
alveolar sacs or the alveoli
Starting at the innermost point in the lungs, what is the pathway out
Aleoli sac
Alveolar duct
Bronchiole
Lungs
Bronchus - i
Trachea
Mouth / nose
What is the smooth covering of the lungs and the inside of the thoracic cavity that permits the lungs to follow the movement of the thorax
pleura
If the natural tendency of the lungs is to collapse and the natural tendency of the thorax is to expand, why doesn’t this just happen
Attached the two by pleural linkage
Resist the opposing forces
What king of breathing are you doing while sitting watching tv
quiet
vegetative
When engaging in quiet breathing, which respiratory muscles are active during inhalation
only the diaphragm
When engaging in quiet breathing, which respiratory muscles are active during the exhalation
none - passive force
Which way does the diaphragm move when it contracts and what happens when it does
Moves downwards
Increases the space within the thorax which decreases the pressure in the lungs
The lungs are attached to the thorax by pleural linkage
What happens when the diaphragm stops contracting during quiet breathing
Passive forces squeeze air from the lungs
Gravity
Elastic recoil
Relaxation pressure
When breathing for speech or forced breathing activities like running or tap dancing, muscle activity during inhalation is ________ and muscle activity during exhalation is ________
active, active
During breathing for speech, what are the active primary muscles of inhalation
diaphragm
external intercostals
During breathing for speech what are the active muscles of exhalation
Internal intercostals
Subcostals
Serratus posterior inferior
Quadratus lumborum of the rib cage muscles and abdominal muscles
What is shaped like an inverted dome and when contracted, increases the vertical dimension of the thorax
diaphragm
Does breathing change across the lifespan
Yes
Posture
Muscle strength
One cycle of respiration is composed of ___
One inspiration
One extirpation
Lung volumes are the estimates of the ___ respiratory system
comapartment
The volume of air we breathe in and out during a respiratory cycle of quiet breathing is __
tidal volume
The volume of air that can be inhaled after a tidal inspiration is ___
inspiratory reserve volume
The volume of air that can exhaled after a resting tidal expiration is the __
Resting lung volume
Expiratory reserve volume
The volume of air that remains in the lungs and airways after a maximum exhalation is the ___
residual volume
Air that is not used for gas exchange is called ___
dead air
The last bit of air to be inhaled and first bit of air to be exhaled is called __
dead air
What happens when we engage in shallow breathing for an extended period of time
Yawning
We are exchanging dead air and there is too much carbon dioxide in our system
Functional measures of two or more lung volumes are called ___
lung capacties
What is important to know about vital capacity
Volume of air that can be exhaled after as deep an inhalation as possible
Represents the capacity available for speech
The volume of air remaining in the lungs and airways after a passive exhalation is called __
Total lung capacity
Where is intraoral pressure
in the mouth
where is sub glottal pressure
below vocal folds
Breathing while running the Boston marathon would be considered
fortunate and forced respiration
Breathing during forced respiration includes active muscles during ___
inhale and exhale
What kind of breathing does this describe? Air flows through the respiratory system without resistance in order to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
breathing for life
Air pressure must be increased and resistance must be set up in the airway
breathing for speech
What kind of breathing does this describe? Inhale and exhalation are about to be equal
breathing for life
What kind of breathing does this describe? Inhalation is quick and exhalation is extended with active muscle control
breathing for speech
What kind of breathing does this describe? Uses 25% of the vital capacity
breathing for speech
What kind of breathing does this describe? Occurs with about 12-18 breaths per minute
breathing for life
What kind of breathing does this describe? Passive forces squeeze air from the lungs
breathing for life
What kind of breathing does this describe? Requires voluntary control of respiration
breathing for speech
Ohm’s law accounts for pressure changes needed to overcome ___ ____ during speech
airway resistance
Name two sources of airway resistance that can be used to produce speech sounds
Vocal folds
Places in the mouth that the tongue hits to produce speech sounds
How does the lungs-thorax unit manage to produce a controlled exhale during breathing for speech
Checking action of the muscles of exhalation
Relevant pressures
Alveolar pressure = inside the lungs
Pleural pressure = inside the thorax and outside the lungs
Abdominal pressure = within the abdominal cavity
Transdiaphragmatic pressure = difference between pleural and abdominal pressure
Boyle’s law - lung pressure?
Lung volume and alveolar pressure are inversely related when the breathing apparatus is closed
(Boyle’s law)
is quiet breathing / tidal breathing
what controls this (brain)
automatic
brainstem THE MEDULLA!!!
important
voluntary acts of breathing is controlled by ___
higher brain centers
can override quiet breathing
primary function of respiratory system
good gas exchange
push out CO2
Frequency requirements
Quiet breathing
inhale/exhale 10/20 per minute
Depends on what they want to say
Difference between loud and short answers
