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Anatomy And Physiology 281 > E2 respiratory system SLIDES > Flashcards

E2 respiratory system SLIDES Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary biological function of the respiratory system?

A

Breathing for life support

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2
Q

What is the secondary function of the respiratory system

A

breathing for speech

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3
Q

What is the overlaid function of the respiratory system

A

breathing for speech

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4
Q

What are the other words for inspiration and expiration

A

inhalation and exhalation

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5
Q

what king of airflow do we speak on

A

egressive

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6
Q

Who came up with the idea of egressive air flow

A

Boyle’s law
Gas at a constant temperature, increases the volume of the air chamber in which the gas is contained will cause a corresponding decrease in pressure

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7
Q

In Boyle’s law, what is the gas we are talking about

A

oxygen

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8
Q

In Boyle’s law, what is the chamber we are talking about

A

lungs

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9
Q

Given Boyle’s law, what happens to pressure when you increase the size of the container

A

pressure decreases

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10
Q

Given Boyle’s law, when the pressure of the chamber decreases, where does the air go

A

into the lungs

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11
Q

Given Boyle’s law, how does the air flow out of the lungs

A

pressure in the lungs increases

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12
Q

Given Boyle’s law, how does the air flow out of the lungs

A

The pressure in the lungs increases

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13
Q

What and where is atmospheric pressure

A

air outside the body

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14
Q

When the pressure inside the lungs is negative and the atmospheric pressure is positive, which way does the airflow

A

into the lungs

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15
Q

What bony structures support the respiratory system

A

Pelvic girdle
Spinal column
Pectoral girdle
Ribs and rib cage / thorax

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16
Q

how many pairs of ribs do we have

A

12

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17
Q

Where are ALL the ribs attached

A

posteriorly at the vertebral column

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18
Q

What is the anterior attachment of the first 10 ribs

A

the sternum

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19
Q

What is special about the lower two ribs

A

They are floating
They are only connected posteriorly to the vertebral column
Not attached to the anteriorly to the sternum

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20
Q

How does the rib cage move

A

Upward in the front - vertical - pump handle
Outward on the side - transversal/lateral - bucket handle
Front to back - anteroposterior

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21
Q

The ribs move up and out when we inhale OR exhale

A

inhale

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22
Q

The cartilaginous tube that runs to our lungs is the ____

A

trachea

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23
Q

The tube that is posterior to the trachea and goes to the stomach is the

A

esophagus

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24
Q

Why are there an uneven number of lobes in the lungs

A

Right = three
Left = two
Left needs more room for the mediastinum (contains the heart and some other organs)

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25
Q

In the lungs, where does the exchange of gas take place

A

alveolar sacs or the alveoli

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26
Q

Starting at the innermost point in the lungs, what is the pathway out

A

Aleoli sac
Alveolar duct
Bronchiole
Lungs
Bronchus - i
Trachea
Mouth / nose

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27
Q

What is the smooth covering of the lungs and the inside of the thoracic cavity that permits the lungs to follow the movement of the thorax

A

pleura

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28
Q

If the natural tendency of the lungs is to collapse and the natural tendency of the thorax is to expand, why doesn’t this just happen

A

Attached the two by pleural linkage
Resist the opposing forces

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29
Q

What king of breathing are you doing while sitting watching tv

A

quiet
vegetative

30
Q

When engaging in quiet breathing, which respiratory muscles are active during inhalation

A

only the diaphragm

31
Q

When engaging in quiet breathing, which respiratory muscles are active during the exhalation

A

none - passive force

32
Q

Which way does the diaphragm move when it contracts and what happens when it does

A

Moves downwards
Increases the space within the thorax which decreases the pressure in the lungs
The lungs are attached to the thorax by pleural linkage

33
Q

What happens when the diaphragm stops contracting during quiet breathing

A

Passive forces squeeze air from the lungs
Gravity
Elastic recoil
Relaxation pressure

34
Q

When breathing for speech or forced breathing activities like running or tap dancing, muscle activity during inhalation is ________ and muscle activity during exhalation is ________

A

active, active

35
Q

During breathing for speech, what are the active primary muscles of inhalation

A

diaphragm
external intercostals

36
Q

During breathing for speech what are the active muscles of exhalation

A

Internal intercostals
Subcostals
Serratus posterior inferior
Quadratus lumborum of the rib cage muscles and abdominal muscles

37
Q

What is shaped like an inverted dome and when contracted, increases the vertical dimension of the thorax

A

diaphragm

38
Q

Does breathing change across the lifespan

A

Yes
Posture
Muscle strength

39
Q

One cycle of respiration is composed of ___

A

One inspiration
One extirpation

40
Q

Lung volumes are the estimates of the ___ respiratory system

A

comapartment

41
Q

The volume of air we breathe in and out during a respiratory cycle of quiet breathing is __

A

tidal volume

42
Q

The volume of air that can be inhaled after a tidal inspiration is ___

A

inspiratory reserve volume

43
Q

The volume of air that can exhaled after a resting tidal expiration is the __

A

Resting lung volume
Expiratory reserve volume

44
Q

The volume of air that remains in the lungs and airways after a maximum exhalation is the ___

A

residual volume

45
Q

Air that is not used for gas exchange is called ___

A

dead air

46
Q

The last bit of air to be inhaled and first bit of air to be exhaled is called __

A

dead air

47
Q

What happens when we engage in shallow breathing for an extended period of time

A

Yawning
We are exchanging dead air and there is too much carbon dioxide in our system

48
Q

Functional measures of two or more lung volumes are called ___

A

lung capacties

49
Q

What is important to know about vital capacity

A

Volume of air that can be exhaled after as deep an inhalation as possible
Represents the capacity available for speech

50
Q

The volume of air remaining in the lungs and airways after a passive exhalation is called __

A

Total lung capacity

51
Q

Where is intraoral pressure

A

in the mouth

52
Q

where is sub glottal pressure

A

below vocal folds

53
Q

Breathing while running the Boston marathon would be considered

A

fortunate and forced respiration

54
Q

Breathing during forced respiration includes active muscles during ___

A

inhale and exhale

55
Q

What kind of breathing does this describe? Air flows through the respiratory system without resistance in order to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

breathing for life

56
Q

Air pressure must be increased and resistance must be set up in the airway

A

breathing for speech

57
Q

What kind of breathing does this describe? Inhale and exhalation are about to be equal

A

breathing for life

58
Q

What kind of breathing does this describe? Inhalation is quick and exhalation is extended with active muscle control

A

breathing for speech

59
Q

What kind of breathing does this describe? Uses 25% of the vital capacity

A

breathing for speech

60
Q

What kind of breathing does this describe? Occurs with about 12-18 breaths per minute

A

breathing for life

61
Q

What kind of breathing does this describe? Passive forces squeeze air from the lungs

A

breathing for life

62
Q

What kind of breathing does this describe? Requires voluntary control of respiration

A

breathing for speech

63
Q

Ohm’s law accounts for pressure changes needed to overcome ___ ____ during speech

A

airway resistance

64
Q

Name two sources of airway resistance that can be used to produce speech sounds

A

Vocal folds
Places in the mouth that the tongue hits to produce speech sounds

65
Q

How does the lungs-thorax unit manage to produce a controlled exhale during breathing for speech

A

Checking action of the muscles of exhalation

66
Q

Relevant pressures

A

Alveolar pressure = inside the lungs
Pleural pressure = inside the thorax and outside the lungs
Abdominal pressure = within the abdominal cavity
Transdiaphragmatic pressure = difference between pleural and abdominal pressure

67
Q

Boyle’s law - lung pressure?

A

Lung volume and alveolar pressure are inversely related when the breathing apparatus is closed

(Boyle’s law)

68
Q

is quiet breathing / tidal breathing
what controls this (brain)

A

automatic
brainstem THE MEDULLA!!!

important

69
Q

voluntary acts of breathing is controlled by ___

A

higher brain centers

can override quiet breathing

70
Q

primary function of respiratory system

A

good gas exchange

push out CO2

71
Q

Frequency requirements
Quiet breathing

A

inhale/exhale 10/20 per minute
Depends on what they want to say
Difference between loud and short answers

Anatomy And Physiology 281 (6 decks)

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